Objectives. Dendrobium catenatum Lindl. (DH) is a Chinese herbal medicine, which is often used to make tea to improve immunity in China. Rumor has it that DH has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear how DH can prevent cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study whether DH can prevent AS and the underlying mechanisms. Methods. Zebrafish larvae were fed with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) to establish a zebrafish AS model. Then, we used DH water extracts (DHWE) to pretreat AS zebrafish. The plaque formation was detected by HE, EVG, and oil red O staining. Neutrophil and macrophage counts were calculated to evaluate the inflammation level. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in zebrafish were measured to reflect oxidative stress. The cholesterol accumulation and the levels of lipid, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) were measured to reflect lipid metabolism disorder. Then, parallel flow chamber was utilized to establish a low shear stress- (LSS-) induced endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction model. EA.hy926 cells were exposed to LSS (3 dyn/cm²) for 30 min and treated with DHWE. The levels of ROS, SOD, MDA, glutathione (GSH), and glutathiol (GSSG) in EA.hy926 cells were analysed to determine oxidative stress. The release of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and epoprostenol (PGI₂) in EA.hy926 cells was measured to reflect EC dysfunction. The mRNA expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in EA.hy926 cells was detected to reflect EC dysfunction inflammation. Results. The results showed that DHWE significantly reduced cholesterol accumulation and macrophage infiltration in early AS. Finally, DHWE significantly alleviate the lipid metabolism disorder, oxidative stress, and inflammation to reduce the plaque formation of AS zebrafish larval model. Meanwhile, we also found that DHWE significantly improved LSS-induced EC dysfunction and oxidative stress in vitro. Conclusion. Our results indicate that DHWE could be used as a prevention method to prevent AS.

中文翻译：

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链状石斛林德尔。水提取物减轻动脉粥样硬化

目标。链状石斛林德尔。(DH)是一种中草药，在我国常用于泡茶以提高免疫力。有传言说DH对心血管疾病有保护作用。然而，尚不清楚 DH 如何预防动脉粥样硬化 (AS) 等心血管疾病。因此，本研究的目的是研究DH是否可以预防AS及其潜在机制。方法. 用高胆固醇饮食 (HCD) 喂养斑马鱼幼虫以建立斑马鱼 AS 模型。然后，我们使用 DH 水提取物 (DHWE) 预处理 AS 斑马鱼。HE、EVG和油红O染色检测斑块形成。计算中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞计数以评估炎症水平。测量斑马鱼中的活性氧 (ROS) 活性、丙二醛 (MDA) 含量和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性以反映氧化应激。测量胆固醇积累和脂质、甘油三酯 (TG) 和总胆固醇 (TC) 水平以反映脂质代谢紊乱。然后，利用平行流室建立低剪切应力（LSS-）诱导的内皮细胞（EC）功能障碍模型。EA.hy926 细胞暴露于 LSS (3 dyn/cm ²) 30 分钟并用 DHWE 处理。分析 EA.hy926 细胞中 ROS、SOD、MDA、谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 和谷胱甘肽 (GSSG) 的水平以确定氧化应激。测量 EA.hy926 细胞中一氧化氮 (NO)、内皮素-1 (ET-1) 和依前列醇 (PGI _{2 ) 的释放以反映 EC 功能障碍。}检测EA.hy926细胞中细胞间粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）和血管细胞粘附分子-1（VCAM-1）的mRNA表达以反映EC功能障碍炎症。结果. 结果表明，DHWE 显着降低了早期 AS 的胆固醇积累和巨噬细胞浸润。最后，DHWE 显着缓解了斑马鱼幼虫模型的脂质代谢紊乱、氧化应激和炎症，从而减少了斑块的形成。同时，我们还发现DHWE在体外显着改善了LSS诱导的EC功能障碍和氧化应激。结论。我们的结果表明，DHWE 可用作预防 AS 的预防方法。