Nitrogen-containing heterocycles (N-heterocycles) are ubiquitous in both organisms and pharmaceutical products. Biocatalysts are providing green approaches for synthesizing various N-heterocycles under mild reaction conditions. This review summarizes the recent advances in the biocatalysis of N-heterocycles through the discovery and engineering of natural N-heterocycle synthetic pathway, and the design of artificial synthetic routes, with an emphasis on biocatalysts applied in retrosynthetic design for preparing complex N-heterocycles. Furthermore, this review discusses the future prospects and challenges of biocatalysts involved in the synthesis of N-heterocycles.

中文翻译：

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含氮杂环生物催化的最新进展

含氮杂环（N-杂环）在生物体和药品中普遍存在。生物催化剂为在温和反应条件下合成各种 N-杂环化合物提供了绿色途径。本综述通过天然 N-杂环合成途径的发现和工程改造以及人工合成路线的设计，总结了 N-杂环生物催化的最新进展，重点介绍了用于制备复杂 N-杂环的逆合成设计的生物催化剂。此外，本综述讨论了参与合成 N-杂环的生物催化剂的未来前景和挑战。