Intermittent generation and load demand are one of the major challenges for grid operators. Caused for example by renewables power variability or electric vehicle charging, it can create mismatches between the real-time demand and the forecast demand, affecting frequency regulation. To alleviate this mismatch, operators have to resort either on the balancing market or on extensive use of energy storage systems, which increases operation costs. This article introduces a load-leveling approach exploiting the voltage dependence of the loads. With a controlled reactive power injection, the converters of fast charging stations can influence the voltage profile and, consequently, the power consumption of voltage-dependent loads. The approach has two main goals: minimizing the mismatches with respect to the demand forecast and reducing the grid losses. Fast charging stations are particularly suited for this approach. Being employed with full capacity for charging only for short time, their spare capacity can be exploited to apply the load-leveling approach. This proposed approach is discussed theoretically and analyzed in a modified distribution network in Northern Germany. Parameters variation analysis has been performed to thoroughly demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach under different load/grid conditions. Its feasibility has been evaluated by means of power-hardware-in-the-loop tests.

中文翻译：

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通过电动汽车快速充电站的电压相关负载均衡方法

间歇性发电和负荷需求是电网运营商面临的主要挑战之一。例如，由可再生能源电力可变性或电动汽车充电引起，它会造成实时需求与预测需求之间的不匹配，从而影响频率调节。为了缓解这种不匹配，运营商不得不求助于平衡市场或大量使用储能系统，这会增加运营成本。本文介绍了一种利用负载电压依赖性的负载均衡方法。通过受控的无功功率注入，快速充电站的转换器可以影响电压分布，从而影响电压相关负载的功耗。该方法有两个主要目标：最大限度地减少与需求预测的不匹配和减少电网损失。快速充电站特别适合这种方法。满负荷仅用于短时间充电，它们的备用容量可用于应用负载均衡方法。在德国北部修改后的配电网络中对这种建议的方法进行了理论讨论和分析。已执行参数变化分析以彻底证明该方法在不同负载/电网条件下的有效性。通过电源硬件在环测试对其可行性进行了评估。在德国北部修改后的配电网络中对这种建议的方法进行了理论讨论和分析。已执行参数变化分析以彻底证明该方法在不同负载/电网条件下的有效性。通过电源硬件在环测试对其可行性进行了评估。在德国北部修改后的配电网络中对这种建议的方法进行了理论讨论和分析。已执行参数变化分析以彻底证明该方法在不同负载/电网条件下的有效性。通过电源硬件在环测试对其可行性进行了评估。