The LoRa radio technology is one of the most prominent choices in the Internet of Things Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) industry due to its versatile and robust technical characteristics along with its ability to achieve long communication ranges combined with low energy consumption and reduced cost. One of the main issues in LoRa networks is how many end-devices can be reporting efficiently while meeting the requirements set by the application they support. This is known as the capacity metric and it is affected by many network parameters and various factors. A literature overview is presented in this work, studying works on LoRa-based networks, outlining their behavior and categorizing them based on their technological breakthroughs. Throughout this survey, a number of performance determinants that stand out are highlighted. These factors span five main categories that encompass physical layer characteristics, deployment and hardware features, end device transmission settings, LoRa MAC protocols, and application requirements. Discussion follows the presentation of each of the factors pinpointing the relevant research, and describing the impact of each one of them on the achieved network efficiency focusing especially on the capacity metric. Open issues and research directions are also highlighted for each of the five identified categories.

中文翻译：

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LoRa 网络的性能决定因素：文献综述


LoRa 无线电技术是物联网低功耗广域网 (LPWAN) 行业中最突出的选择之一，因为它具有多功能且强大的技术特性，并且能够实现远距离通信，同时具有低能耗和低功耗的特点。成本。 LoRa 网络的主要问题之一是有多少终端设备可以有效地报告，同时满足它们支持的应用程序设定的要求。这称为容量度量，它受到许多网络参数和各种因素的影响。这项工作提供了文献综述，研究基于 LoRa 的网络的工作，概述它们的行为并根据它们的技术突破对它们进行分类。在整个调查中，突出显示了一些突出的绩效决定因素。这些因素涵盖五个主要类别，包括物理层特性、部署和硬件功能、终端设备传输设置、LoRa MAC 协议和应用程序要求。接下来的讨论介绍了每个因素，指出了相关研究，并描述了每个因素对所实现的网络效率的影响，特别关注容量指标。还强调了五个已确定类别中每个类别的未决问题和研究方向。