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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization Among Health Care Workers of a Tertiary Hospital in Ecuador and Associated Risk Factors
Infection and Drug Resistance ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 , DOI: 10.2147/idr.s326148 Isabel Baroja 1, 2 , Sara Guerra 1, 2 , Marco Coral-Almeida 3 , Alejandra Ruíz 2, 4, 5 , Juan Miguel Galarza 2, 6 , Jacobus H de Waard 7 , Carlos Bastidas-Caldes 1, 7, 8
Infection and Drug Resistance ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 , DOI: 10.2147/idr.s326148 Isabel Baroja 1, 2 , Sara Guerra 1, 2 , Marco Coral-Almeida 3 , Alejandra Ruíz 2, 4, 5 , Juan Miguel Galarza 2, 6 , Jacobus H de Waard 7 , Carlos Bastidas-Caldes 1, 7, 8
Affiliation
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics and is therefore a public health issue. Colonization with MRSA is a risk factor for infection or transmission.
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and MRSA strains in health care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary hospital in Ecuador and to determine the risk factors associated with carriage.
Methods: Out of a cohort of 3800 HCWs, 481 individuals from different hospital departments were randomly selected, and a single nasal swab was collected. Detection of SA and MRSA was carried out with the LightCycler® MRSA Advanced Test. A questionnaire was performed that gathered demographic and occupational information of the participants to determine risk factors for MRSA colonization. Statistical analysis was performed with univariate and multivariate analysis and the R-software version 4.0.2.
Results: Colonization with SA and MRSA occurred in respectively 23.7% (95% CI, 22.7– 24.6) and 5% (95% CI, 3.39– 7.58) of the individuals. The multivariate analysis showed that being older in age (OD 1.09) and being male (OD 2.78) were risk factors for SA and MRSA colonization (p-value < 0.001). Previous use of antibiotics or the use of nasal ointments diminished the colonization rates of SA (24% versus 3.7% and 10.1% respectively).
Conclusion: About 20% of the HCWs who were colonized with SA were colonized with MRSA, representing a risk for nosocomial infections and hospital outbreaks. Active monitoring and a decolonization treatment of the HCWs can reduce these risks.
中文翻译：
厄瓜多尔一家三级医院医护人员的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔定植及相关危险因素
背景：耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA) 对大多数常用抗生素具有耐药性，因此是一个公共卫生问题。MRSA 定植是感染或传播的危险因素。
目的：确定厄瓜多尔一家三级医院的医护人员 (HCW) 中金黄色葡萄球菌(SA) 和 MRSA 菌株的定植率，并确定与携带相关的风险因素。
方法：在 3800 名医护人员中，随机选择来自不同医院科室的 481 人，采集单个鼻拭子。使用 LightCycler ®检测 SA 和 MRSAMRSA 高级测试。进行问卷调查，收集参与者的人口统计和职业信息，以确定 MRSA 定植的风险因素。使用单变量和多变量分析以及 R 软件版本 4.0.2 进行统计分析。
结果： SA 和 MRSA 定植分别发生在 23.7%（95% CI，22.7-24.6）和 5%（95% CI，3.39-7.58）的个体中。多变量分析显示，年龄较大（OD 1.09）和男性（OD 2.78）是SA和MRSA定植的危险因素（p值<0.001）。以前使用抗生素或使用鼻用软膏降低了 SA 的定植率（分别为 24% 和 3.7% 和 10.1%）。
结论：大约 20% 被 SA 定植的 HCW 被 MRSA 定植，这意味着医院感染和医院爆发的风险。对医护人员进行积极监测和非殖民化治疗可以降低这些风险。
更新日期：2021-08-24
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and MRSA strains in health care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary hospital in Ecuador and to determine the risk factors associated with carriage.
Methods: Out of a cohort of 3800 HCWs, 481 individuals from different hospital departments were randomly selected, and a single nasal swab was collected. Detection of SA and MRSA was carried out with the LightCycler® MRSA Advanced Test. A questionnaire was performed that gathered demographic and occupational information of the participants to determine risk factors for MRSA colonization. Statistical analysis was performed with univariate and multivariate analysis and the R-software version 4.0.2.
Results: Colonization with SA and MRSA occurred in respectively 23.7% (95% CI, 22.7– 24.6) and 5% (95% CI, 3.39– 7.58) of the individuals. The multivariate analysis showed that being older in age (OD 1.09) and being male (OD 2.78) were risk factors for SA and MRSA colonization (p-value < 0.001). Previous use of antibiotics or the use of nasal ointments diminished the colonization rates of SA (24% versus 3.7% and 10.1% respectively).
Conclusion: About 20% of the HCWs who were colonized with SA were colonized with MRSA, representing a risk for nosocomial infections and hospital outbreaks. Active monitoring and a decolonization treatment of the HCWs can reduce these risks.
中文翻译：
厄瓜多尔一家三级医院医护人员的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔定植及相关危险因素
背景：耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA) 对大多数常用抗生素具有耐药性，因此是一个公共卫生问题。MRSA 定植是感染或传播的危险因素。
目的：确定厄瓜多尔一家三级医院的医护人员 (HCW) 中金黄色葡萄球菌(SA) 和 MRSA 菌株的定植率，并确定与携带相关的风险因素。
方法：在 3800 名医护人员中，随机选择来自不同医院科室的 481 人，采集单个鼻拭子。使用 LightCycler ®检测 SA 和 MRSAMRSA 高级测试。进行问卷调查，收集参与者的人口统计和职业信息，以确定 MRSA 定植的风险因素。使用单变量和多变量分析以及 R 软件版本 4.0.2 进行统计分析。
结果： SA 和 MRSA 定植分别发生在 23.7%（95% CI，22.7-24.6）和 5%（95% CI，3.39-7.58）的个体中。多变量分析显示，年龄较大（OD 1.09）和男性（OD 2.78）是SA和MRSA定植的危险因素（p值<0.001）。以前使用抗生素或使用鼻用软膏降低了 SA 的定植率（分别为 24% 和 3.7% 和 10.1%）。
结论：大约 20% 被 SA 定植的 HCW 被 MRSA 定植，这意味着医院感染和医院爆发的风险。对医护人员进行积极监测和非殖民化治疗可以降低这些风险。
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