Aging is a gradual and unavoidable physiological phenomenon that manifests in the natural maturation process and continues to progress from infanthood to adulthood. Many elderly people suffer from aging-associated hematological and nonhematological disorders. Recent advances in regenerative medicine have shown new revolutionary paths of treating such diseases using stem cells; however, aging also affects the quality and competence of stem and progenitor cells themselves and ultimately directs their death or apoptosis and senescence, leading to a decline in their regenerative potential. Recent research works show that extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from different types of stem cells may provide a safe treatment for aging-associated disorders. The cargo of EVs comprises packets of information in the form of various macromolecules that can modify the fate of the target cells. To harness the true potential of EVs in regenerative medicine, it is necessary to understand how this cargo contributes to the rejuvenation of aged stem and progenitor populations and to identify the aging-associated changes in the macromolecular profile of the EVs themselves. In this review, we endeavor to summarize the current knowledge of the involvement of EVs in the aging process and delineate the role of EVs in the reversal of aging-associated phenotypes. We have also analyzed the involvement of the molecular cargo of EVs in the generation of aging-associated disorders. This knowledge could not only help us in understanding the mechanism of the aging process but could also facilitate the development of new cell-free biologics to treat aging-related disorders in the future.

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细胞外囊泡参与衰老过程及其对缓解衰老相关症状的有益作用

衰老是一种渐进的、不可避免的生理现象，表现在自然成熟过程中，并从婴儿期持续发展到成年期。许多老年人患有与衰老相关的血液和非血液疾病。再生医学的最新进展显示出使用干细胞治疗此类疾病的新革命性途径；然而，衰老也会影响干细胞和祖细胞本身的质量和能力，并最终导致它们的死亡或凋亡和衰老，导致它们的再生潜力下降。最近的研究工作表明，从不同类型的干细胞中分离出的细胞外囊泡 (EV) 可以为衰老相关疾病提供安全的治疗方法。电动汽车的货物包含各种大分子形式的信息包，这些大分子可以改变目标细胞的命运。为了利用电动汽车在再生医学中的真正潜力，有必要了解这种货物如何促进衰老的干细胞和祖细胞群体的复兴，并确定电动汽车本身大分子谱中与衰老相关的变化。在这篇综述中，我们努力总结目前关于电动汽车参与衰老过程的知识，并描述电动汽车在逆转衰老相关表型中的作用。我们还分析了电动汽车的分子货物在衰老相关疾病的产生中的作用。