Brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors are among the most fatal cancers and account for substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. Population-based data from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (a combined data set of the National Program of Cancer Registries [NPCR] and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER] registries), NPCR, National Vital Statistics System and SEER program were analyzed to assess the contemporary burden of malignant and nonmalignant brain and other CNS tumors (hereafter brain) by histology, anatomic site, age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Malignant brain tumor incidence rates declined by 0.8% annually from 2008 to 2017 for all ages combined but increased 0.5% to 0.7% per year among children and adolescents. Malignant brain tumor incidence is highest in males and non-Hispanic White individuals, whereas the rates for nonmalignant tumors are highest in females and non-Hispanic Black individuals. Five-year relative survival for all malignant brain tumors combined increased between 1975 to 1977 and 2009 to 2015 from 23% to 36%, with larger gains among younger age groups. Less improvement among older age groups largely reflects a higher burden of glioblastoma, for which there have been few major advances in prevention, early detection, and treatment the past 4 decades. Specifically, 5-year glioblastoma survival only increased from 4% to 7% during the same time period. In addition, important survival disparities by race/ethnicity remain for childhood tumors, with the largest Black-White disparities for diffuse astrocytomas (75% vs 86% for patients diagnosed during 2009-2015) and embryonal tumors (59% vs 67%). Increased resources for the collection and reporting of timely consistent data are critical for advancing research to elucidate the causes of sex, age, and racial/ethnic differences in brain tumor occurrence, especially for rarer subtypes and among understudied populations.

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2021 年脑和其他中枢神经系统肿瘤统计数据

脑和其他中枢神经系统 (CNS) 肿瘤是最致命的癌症之一，在美国的发病率和死亡率很高。来自美国中央脑肿瘤登记处的基于人群的数据（国家癌症登记处 [NPCR] 和监测、流行病学和最终结果 [SEER] 登记处的组合数据集）、NPCR、国家生命统计系统和对 SEER 项目进行了分析，以通过组织学、解剖部位、年龄、性别和种族/民族来评估恶性和非恶性脑和其他中枢神经系统肿瘤（以下简称脑）的当代负担。从 2008 年到 2017 年，所有年龄段的恶性脑肿瘤发病率每年下降 0.8%，但在儿童和青少年中每年增加 0.5% 到 0.7%。男性和非西班牙裔白人个体的恶性脑肿瘤发病率最高，而女性和非西班牙裔黑人的非恶性肿瘤发病率最高。从 1975 年到 1977 年和 2009 年到 2015 年，所有恶性脑肿瘤的五年相对生存率从 23% 增加到 36%，在较年轻的年龄组中增幅更大。老年组的改善较少在很大程度上反映了胶质母细胞瘤的负担更高，在过去的 4 年里，在预防、早期发现和治疗方面几乎没有取得重大进展。具体而言，同期胶质母细胞瘤的 5 年生存率仅从 4% 增加到 7%。此外，对于儿童肿瘤，种族/民族之间的重要生存差异仍然存在，弥漫性星形细胞瘤（2009-2015 年诊断的患者为 75% 对 86%）和胚胎肿瘤（59% 对 67%）的黑白差异最大。增加用于收集和报告及时一致数据的资源对于推进研究以阐明脑肿瘤发生中的性别、年龄和种族/民族差异的原因至关重要，尤其是对于罕见的亚型和研究不足的人群。