Research question

Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a different fat intake pattern to women without PCOS?

Design

Case–control study of 276 women between 20 and 35 years old from the Murcia region of Spain. Cases (n = 121) attended the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the University Clinical Hospital and were diagnosed with PCOS using Rotterdam criteria. Controls (n = 155) were women without PCOS attending the gynaecological outpatient clinic for routine gynaecological examinations. Data from clinical, gynaecological and analytical examinations were collected, including a food frequency questionnaire. Associations between fat intake and presence of PCOS and its phenotypes were examined using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors.

Results

Although no association was found between fatty acid intake and PCOS, significant associations were observed for some PCOS phenotypes. The PCOS phenotype characterized by hyperandrogenism + oligo/amenorrhoea + polycystic ovarian morphology (‘H+O+POM’) was significantly associated with a higher intake of polyunsaturated fat (odds ratio [OR] 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–14.2; fourth quartile of highest intake [Q4] versus lowest intake quartile as reference [Q1]) and omega-6 fatty acids (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.01–12.4; Q3 versus Q1). The ‘H+O’ phenotype was positively associated with saturated fat intake (OR 6.9; 95% CI 1.1–41.6; Q4 versus Q1).

Conclusion

This exploratory study suggests that higher intakes of specific fatty acids are related to some PCOS phenotypes although no association was found for PCOS on a global basis. It is recommended that studies with larger sample size be performed to further explore these associations, thus contributing to establishing recommendations about fat intake adapted to different PCOS phenotypes.

中文翻译：

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多囊卵巢综合征女性的脂肪摄入模式

 研究问题

患有多囊卵巢综合症 (PCOS) 的女性与未患有 PCOS 的女性的脂肪摄入模式是否不同？

 设计

对来自西班牙穆尔西亚地区 276 名 20 至 35 岁女性的病例对照研究。病例（ n = 121）就诊于大学临床医院妇产科，并使用鹿特丹标准诊断为多囊卵巢综合征。对照（ n = 155）是在妇科门诊进行常规妇科检查的无 PCOS 的女性。收集了临床、妇科和分析检查的数据，包括食物频率调查问卷。使用多元逻辑回归检查脂肪摄入量与 PCOS 及其表型之间的关联，并调整潜在的混杂因素。

 结果

尽管未发现脂肪酸摄入量与 PCOS 之间存在关联，但观察到某些 PCOS 表型存在显着关联。以高雄激素血症+少发/闭经+多囊卵巢形态（“H+O+POM”）为特征的 PCOS 表型与较高的多不饱和脂肪摄入量显着相关（比值比 [OR] 4.0；95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.1– 14.2；最高摄入量的第四个四分位[Q4]与最低摄入四分位作为参考[Q1]）和omega-6脂肪酸（OR 3.5；95% CI 1.01–12.4；Q3与Q1）。 “H+O”表型与饱和脂肪摄入量呈正相关（OR 6.9；95% CI 1.1–41.6；Q4 与 Q1）。

 结论

这项探索性研究表明，特定脂肪酸的较高摄入量与某些 PCOS 表型有关，尽管在全球范围内没有发现与 PCOS 之间的关联。建议进行更大样本量的研究，以进一步探讨这些关联，从而有助于建立适合不同 PCOS 表型的脂肪摄入建议。