Sugarcane is an important crop in Southern Iran for agri-food, energy, and pharmaceutical industries. Among the pathogens that colonize sugarcane, mycotoxigenic Fusarium species are reason of serious concern for both their pathogenicity on plants and ability to produce harmful mycotoxins to humans and animals. We studied 104 Fusarium strains, selected within a wider Fusarium set isolated from sugarcane in Southern Iran, for molecular identification, phylogeny and mycotoxin analyses. Most of Fusarium strains belonged to Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex (FFSC) and identified mainly as F. proliferatum, at minor extent as F. sacchari, and rarely as F. thapsinum, and F. verticillioides. Moreover, 14 strains identified as FFSC could not be assigned to any known species, although they were phylogenetically closely related to F. andiyazi, likely representing a new phylogenetic species. A subset of FFSC strains were analyzed for in vitro production of fumonisins (FBs), beauvericin (BEA), and enniatins (ENNs). Fusarium proliferatum strains produced FBs at high amount, and, at a lesser extent, BEA, and ENNs; F.sacchari produced only BEA and B ENNs at very low level; Fusarium sp. strains produced only B ENNs. The paper provides new insights on the genetic diversity of Fusarium species and their mycotoxin profile occurring on sugarcane in Iran.

甘蔗是伊朗南部用于农业食品、能源和制药行业的重要作物。在定植甘蔗的病原体中，产真菌镰刀菌属物种因其对植物的致病性和对人类和动物产生有害真菌毒素的能力而受到严重关注。我们研究了 104株镰刀菌菌株，这些菌株是在从伊朗南部甘蔗分离的更广泛的镰刀菌组中选择的，用于分子鉴定、系统发育和真菌毒素分析。大多数镰刀菌菌株属于Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex (FFSC)，主要被鉴定为F. proliferatum，少量为F. sacchari，很少被鉴定为F. sacchariF. thapsinum和F. verticillioides。此外，被鉴定为 FFSC 的 14 个菌株无法归入任何已知物种，尽管它们在系统发育上与F. andiyazi密切相关，可能代表一个新的系统发育物种。分析了一部分 FFSC 菌株的伏马菌素 (FB)、白僵菌素 (BEA) 和恩尼克菌素 (ENN) 的体外生产。Fusarium proliferatum菌株产生大量 FBs，并在较小程度上产生 BEA 和 ENNs；F.sacchari仅产生极低水平的 BEA 和 B ENN；镰刀菌属 菌株仅产生 B ENN。该论文为镰刀菌的遗传多样性提供了新的见解 伊朗甘蔗上发生的物种及其真菌毒素谱。