ABSTRACT

Eukaryotic mRNAs are modified by several chemical marks which have significant impacts on mRNA biology, gene expression, and cellular metabolism as well as on the survival and development of the whole organism. The most abundant and well-studied mRNA base modifications are m⁶A and ADAR RNA editing. Recent studies have also identified additional mRNA marks such as m⁶Am, m⁵C, m¹A and Ψ and studied their roles. Each type of modification is deposited by a specific writer, many types of modification are recognized and interpreted by several different readers and some types of modifications can be removed by eraser enzymes. Several works have addressed the functional relationships between some of the modifications. In this review we provide an overview on the current status of research on the different types of mRNA modifications and about the crosstalk between different marks and its functional consequences.

摘要

真核生物 mRNA 被多种化学标记修饰，这些化学标记对 mRNA 生物学、基因表达和细胞代谢以及整个生物体的生存和发育都有重大影响。最丰富和研究最充分的 mRNA 碱基修饰是 m ⁶ A 和 ADAR RNA 编辑。最近的研究还发现了额外的 mRNA 标记，例如 m ⁶ Am、m ⁵ C、m ¹A 和 Ψ 并研究了它们的作用。每种类型的修饰都由特定的作者保存，许多类型的修饰被几个不同的读者识别和解释，并且某些类型的修饰可以被擦除酶去除。一些工作已经解决了一些修改之间的功能关系。在这篇综述中，我们概述了不同类型 mRNA 修饰的研究现状以及不同标记之间的串扰及其功能后果。