Abstract

Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid widely used in aquaculture and nutraceutical industries. Among natural sources, the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is the non-genetically modified organism with the greatest capacity to accumulate astaxanthin. Therefore, it is important to understand emerging strategies in upstream and downstream processing of astaxanthin from this microalga. This review covers all aspects regarding the production and the market of natural astaxanthin from H. pluvialis. Astaxanthin biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and nutritional metabolisms from the green vegetative motile to red hematocyst stage were reviewed in detail. Also, traditional and emerging techniques on biomass harvesting and astaxanthin recovery were presented and evaluated. Moreover, the global market of astaxanthin was discussed, and guidelines for sustainability increasing of the production chain of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis were highlighted, based on biorefinery models. This review can serve as a baseline on the current knowledge of H. pluvialis and encourage new researchers to enter this field of research.

摘要

虾青素是一种叶黄素类胡萝卜素，广泛用于水产养殖和保健品行业。在天然来源中，微藻雨生红球藻是非转基因生物，具有最大的虾青素积累能力。因此，了解这种微藻虾青素上游和下游加工的新兴策略非常重要。这篇综述涵盖了雨生红虾天然虾青素生产和市场的各个方面. 详细回顾了从绿色营养运动到红色血囊阶段的虾青素生物合成、代谢途径和营养代谢。此外，还介绍并评估了有关生物质收获和虾青素回收的传统和新兴技术。此外，还讨论了虾青素的全球市场，并强调了基于生物炼制模型的雨生虾青素生产链可持续性增加的指导方针。这篇综述可以作为对雨生雨淋当前知识的基线，并鼓励新的研究人员进入这一研究领域。