Deception, Bridgeman and Penguin are the three most recently active volcanic islands in the South Shetland Islands. Since the discovery of the archipelago in 1819, Deception Island has erupted on frequent occasions, most recently in August 1970. A number of nineteenth-century observers reported fumarolic or volcanic activity from Bridgeman Island. No eyewitness accounts of activity from Penguin Island have been found. A chronological list detailing the historic reports from Bridgeman Island was compiled to compare and establish their veracity. This process revealed a consistency of observation from independent observers. An effort has been made to consider if any of these reports of activity may have belonged instead to Penguin Island volcano, 60 km (32 NM) away. A review of the timing of discovery and availability of the first charts of the South Shetlands was also examined to narrow the period when mariners might have mistaken one island for another. Only the three earliest observations of activity from an unnamed volcano, during the short period when no maps were available, may be questioned. A useful chart of the region was published in 1822, and all subsequent observations of activity were from Bridgeman, not Penguin Island.

中文翻译：

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南极洲布里奇曼岛，“燃烧的山峰”还是古老的侵蚀火山？

欺骗、布里奇曼和企鹅是南设得兰群岛最近活跃的三个火山岛。自 1819 年发现群岛以来，欺骗岛经常爆发，最近一次是在 1970 年 8 月。许多 19 世纪的观察者报告了布里奇曼岛的火山喷发或火山活动。没有发现企鹅岛活动的目击者描述。编制了一份详细说明布里奇曼岛历史报告的按时间顺序排列的清单，以比较和确定它们的真实性。这个过程揭示了独立​​观察者观察的一致性。已经努力考虑这些活动报告中的任何一个是否可能属于 60 公里（32 海里）外的企鹅岛火山。还审查了南设得兰群岛第一张图表的发现时间和可用性，以缩小水手可能将一个岛屿误认为另一个岛屿的时期。只有在没有可用地图的短时间内，对一座未命名火山的活动的三个最早观察结果可能会受到质疑。该地区的有用图表于 1822 年出版，随后对活动的所有观察都来自布里奇曼，而不是企鹅岛。