Depletion of stratospheric ozone in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during the late twentieth century cooled local air temperature, which resulted in stronger stratospheric westerly winds near 60° S and altered SH surface climate. However, Antarctic ozone has been recovering since around 2001 thanks to the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, which banned production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. Here we show that the post-2001 increase in ozone has resulted in significant changes to trends in SH temperature and circulation. The trends are generally of opposite sign to those that resulted from stratospheric ozone losses, including a warming of the SH polar lower stratosphere and a weakening of the SH stratospheric polar vortex. Observed post-2001 trends of temperature and circulation in the stratosphere are about 50–75% smaller in magnitude than the trends during the ozone depletion era. The response is broadly consistent with expectations based on modelled depletion-era trends and variability of both ozone and reactive chlorine. The differences in observed stratospheric trends between the recovery and depletion periods are statistically significant (P < 0.05), providing evidence for the emergence of dynamical impacts of the healing of the Antarctic ozone hole.

20 世纪后期，南半球 (SH) 平流层臭氧的消耗降低了当地气温，导致 60° S 附近的平流层西风更强，并改变了南半球表面气候。然而，由于《蒙特利尔议定书》的实施，南极臭氧自 2001 年左右以来一直在恢复，该议定书禁止生产和消费消耗臭氧层的物质。在这里，我们表明，2001 年后臭氧的增加导致 SH 温度和环流趋势发生显着变化。这些趋势通常与平流层臭氧损失导致的趋势相反，包括 SH 极地低平流层变暖和 SH 平流层极涡减弱。观察到的 2001 年后平流层温度和环流趋势的幅度比臭氧消耗时期的趋势小 50-75%。该响应与基于模拟的消耗时代趋势以及臭氧和活性氯的可变性的预期大体一致。恢复期和耗竭期之间观测到的平流层趋势差异具有统计学意义（P  < 0.05），为南极臭氧空洞愈合的动力影响的出现提供了证据。