Insecticides are currently the main tools used to reduce the transmission of malaria; therefore, the development of resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors is of major concern for malaria control. The resistance level to pyrethroids is particularly high in the Western region of Burkina Faso and may affect the efficacy of insecticidal bed nets and indoor residual spraying. Adult mosquito swarming and other nocturnal behaviours exhibit spatial and temporal patterns that suggest potential vulnerability to targeted space spraying with effective insecticides. Indeed, targeted space-spraying against adult mosquito swarms has been used to crash mosquito populations and disrupt malaria transmission. Prior to impact assessment of swarm killing, a baseline data collection was conducted from June to November 2016 in 10 villages divided into two areas in western Burkina Faso. The data considered both ecological and demographic characteristics to monitor the key entomological parameters. The mean number of swarms observed was 35 per village, ranging from 25 to 70 swarms according to the village. Female density in both areas varied significantly as a function of the village and the period of collection. The human biting rate was significantly affected by the period of collection and depended upon whether the collection was carried out indoors or outdoors. Averages of parity rate were high in both areas for all periods of collection, ranging from 60 to 90%. These values ranged from 80 to 100% for inseminated females. Sporozoite rates ranged between 1.6 and 7.2% depending upon the village. The molecular identification of resting and swarming mosquitoes showed the presence of the three major malaria vectors in Burkina Faso, but in different proportions for each village. The distribution of the potential swarm markers and swarms in villages suggested that swarms are clustered across space, making intervention easier. Power simulations showed that the direct sampling of swarms provides the highest statistical power, thereby reducing the number of villages needed for a trial.

中文翻译：

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在布基纳法索西南部准备灭蚊干预的昆虫学基线数据收集和功率分析

杀虫剂是目前用于减少疟疾传播的主要工具；因此，疟疾病媒对杀虫剂产生抗药性是疟疾控制的主要关切。布基纳法索西部地区对拟除虫菊酯的抗性水平特别高，可能会影响杀虫蚊帐和室内滞留喷洒的效果。成年蚊子成群结队和其他夜间行为表现出时空模式，表明可能容易受到有针对性的空间喷洒有效杀虫剂的影响。事实上，针对成年蚊群的有针对性的空间喷洒已被用于摧毁蚊子种群并破坏疟疾传播。在群体杀戮影响评估之前，2016 年 6 月至 11 月，在布基纳法索西部分为两个区域的 10 个村庄进行了基线数据收集。数据考虑了生态和人口特征，以监测关键的昆虫学参数。观察到的平均蜂群数量为每个村庄 35 只，根据村庄的不同，从 25 到 70 群不等。两个地区的女性密度随村庄和采集时间的不同而有显着差异。人类咬人率受收集时间的显着影响，并取决于收集是在室内还是室外进行。在所有收集期间，这两个地区的平均胎次率都很高，从 60% 到 90% 不等。受精雌性的这些值在 80% 到 100% 之间。子孢子率在 1.6% 到 7.2% 之间，具体取决于村庄。对静止蚊子和成群蚊子的分子鉴定表明布基纳法索存在三种主要的疟疾媒介，但每个村庄的比例不同。潜在群体标记和群体在村庄中的分布表明，群体跨空间聚集，使干预更容易。功效模拟表明，群体的直接抽样提供了最高的统计功效，从而减少了试验所需的村庄数量。