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Examining equity in the utilisation of psychiatric inpatient care among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) in Ontario, Canada
BMC Psychiatry ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 , DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03419-4
Claire de Oliveira 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Joyce Mason 3, 5 , Rowena Jacobs 1
Affiliation  

Severe mental illness (SMI) comprises a range of chronic and disabling conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other psychoses. Despite affecting a small percentage of the population, these disorders are associated with poor outcomes, further compounded by disparities in access, utilisation, and quality of care. Previous research indicates there is pro-poor inequality in the utilisation of SMI-related psychiatric inpatient care in England (in other words, individuals in more deprived areas have higher utilisation of inpatient care than those in less deprived areas). Our objective was to determine whether there is pro-poor inequality in SMI-related psychiatric admissions in Ontario, and understand whether these inequalities have changed over time. We selected all adult psychiatric admissions from April 2006 to March 2011. We identified changes in socio-economic equity over time across deprivation groups and geographic units by modeling, through ordinary least squares, annual need-expected standardised utilisation as a function of material deprivation and other relevant variables. We also tested for changes in socio-economic equity of utilisation over years, where the number of SMI-related psychiatric admissions for each geographic unit was modeled using a negative binomial model. We found pro-poor inequality in SMI-related psychiatric admissions in Ontario. For every one unit increase in deprivation, psychiatric admissions increased by about 8.1%. Pro-poor inequality was particularly present in very urban areas, where many patients with SMI reside, and very rural areas, where access to care is problematic. Our main findings did not change with our sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, this inequality did not change over time. Individuals with SMI living in more deprived areas of Ontario had higher psychiatric admissions than those living in less deprived areas. Moreover, our findings suggest this inequality has remained unchanged over time. Despite the debate around whether to make more or less use of inpatient versus other care, policy makers should seek to address suboptimal supply of primary, community or social care for SMI patients. This may potentially be achieved through the elimination of barriers to access psychiatrist care and the implementation of universal coverage of psychotherapy.

中文翻译:

检查加拿大安大略省严重精神疾病 (SMI) 患者使用精神科住院护理的公平性

严重精神疾病 (SMI) 包括一系列慢性和致残疾病,例如精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和其他精神病。尽管影响了一小部分人口,但这些疾病与不良结果有关,并且由于获得、利用和护理质量方面的差异而进一步加剧。先前的研究表明,英格兰在利用与 SMI 相关的精神科住院护理方面存在有利于穷人的不平等(换句话说,较贫困地区的人比较贫困地区的人对住院护理的利用率更高)。我们的目标是确定安大略省与 SMI 相关的精神病学入院是否存在有利于穷人的不平等,并了解这些不平等是否随着时间的推移而发生了变化。我们选择了 2006 年 4 月至 2011 年 3 月的所有成人精神病住院患者。我们通过普通最小二乘法对作为物质剥夺和其他相关变量的函数的年度需求预期标准化利用进行建模,确定了剥夺群体和地理单位的社会经济公平随时间的变化。我们还测试了多年来利用的社会经济公平性的变化,其中每个地理单位的 SMI 相关精神病入院人数使用负二项式模型进行建模。我们发现安大略省与 SMI 相关的精神病院存在有利于穷人的不平等。剥夺感每增加一个单位,精神病院的入院人数就会增加约 8.1%。在许多 SMI 患者居住的非常城市地区和非常农村地区尤其存在有利于穷人的不平等,在那里获得医疗服务存在问题。我们的主要发现没有随着我们的敏感性分析而改变。此外,这种不平等并没有随着时间的推移而改变。与生活在较贫困地区的人相比,居住在安大略省较贫困地区的 SMI 患者的精神病住院率更高。此外,我们的研究结果表明,这种不平等随着时间的推移保持不变。尽管围绕是否更多或更少地使用住院治疗与其他护理存在争论,但政策制定者应设法解决 SMI 患者初级、社区或社会护理的次优供应问题。这可能通过消除获得精神科医生护理的障碍和实施心理治疗的普遍覆盖来实现。与生活在较贫困地区的人相比,居住在安大略省较贫困地区的 SMI 患者的精神病住院率更高。此外,我们的研究结果表明,这种不平等随着时间的推移保持不变。尽管围绕是否更多或更少地使用住院治疗与其他护理存在争论,但政策制定者应设法解决 SMI 患者初级、社区或社会护理的次优供应问题。这可能通过消除获得精神科医生护理的障碍和实施心理治疗的普遍覆盖来实现。与生活在较贫困地区的人相比,居住在安大略省较贫困地区的 SMI 患者的精神病住院率更高。此外,我们的研究结果表明,这种不平等随着时间的推移保持不变。尽管围绕是否更多或更少地使用住院治疗与其他护理存在争论,但政策制定者应设法解决 SMI 患者初级、社区或社会护理的次优供应问题。这可能通过消除获得精神科医生护理的障碍和实施心理治疗的普遍覆盖来实现。SMI 患者的社区或社会护理。这可能通过消除获得精神科医生护理的障碍和实施心理治疗的普遍覆盖来实现。SMI 患者的社区或社会护理。这可能通过消除获得精神科医生护理的障碍和实施心理治疗的普遍覆盖来实现。
更新日期:2021-08-23
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