Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has caused a still evolving global pandemic. Given the worldwide vaccination campaign, the understanding of the vaccine-induced versus COVID-19-induced immunity will contribute to adjusting vaccine dosing strategies and speeding-up vaccination efforts. Anti-spike-RBD IgGs and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) titers were measured in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinated participants (n = 250); we also investigated humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated individuals (n = 21) of this cohort 5 months post-vaccination and assayed NAbs levels in COVID-19 hospitalized patients (n = 60) with moderate or severe disease, as well as in COVID-19 recovered patients (n = 34). We found that one (boosting) dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine triggers robust immune (i.e., anti-spike-RBD IgGs and NAbs) responses in COVID-19 convalescent healthy recipients, while naïve recipients require both priming and boosting shots to acquire high antibody titers. Severe COVID-19 triggers an earlier and more intense (versus moderate disease) immune response in hospitalized patients; in all cases, however, antibody titers remain at high levels in COVID-19 recovered patients. Although virus infection promotes an earlier and more intense, versus priming vaccination, immune response, boosting vaccination induces antibody titers significantly higher and likely more durable versus COVID-19. In support, high anti-spike-RBD IgGs/NAbs titers along with spike (vaccine encoded antigen) specific T cell clones were found in the serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively, of vaccinated individuals 5 months post-vaccination. These findings support vaccination efficacy, also suggesting that vaccination likely offers more protection than natural infection.

中文翻译：

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SARS-CoV-2 抗刺突蛋白 RBD IgG 和中和抗体在 BNT162b2 mRNA 疫苗与 COVID-19 患者的康复期和初治患者中的比较动力学

冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 是 COVID-19 的病原体，已引起仍在演变的全球大流行。鉴于全球疫苗接种运动，了解疫苗诱导与 COVID-19 诱导的免疫将有助于调整疫苗剂量策略和加快疫苗接种工作。在 BNT162b2 mRNA 疫苗接种的参与者（n = 250）中测量了抗尖峰 RBD IgG 和中和抗体 (NAb) 滴度；我们还调查了该队列中接种疫苗的个体（n = 21）在接种疫苗后 5 个月的体液和细胞免疫反应，并测定了 COVID-19 住院患者（n = 60）中度或重度疾病以及 COVID-19 的 NAb 水平-19 名康复患者（n = 34）。我们发现一剂（加强）BNT162b2 疫苗可触发强大的免疫功能（即，抗刺突-RBD IgGs 和 NAbs) 在 COVID-19 恢复期健康受者中反应，而幼稚受者需要启动和加强注射才能获得高抗体滴度。重症 COVID-19 在住院患者中触发更早、更强烈（相对于中度疾病）的免疫反应；然而，在所有情况下，COVID-19 康复患者的抗体滴度都保持在高水平。尽管与初始接种疫苗相比，病毒感染促进了更早和更强烈的免疫反应，但与 COVID-19 相比，加强疫苗接种可诱导抗体滴度显着更高且可能更持久。作为支持，在接种疫苗 5 个月后，分别在接种个体的血清和外周血单核细胞中发现了高抗刺突-RBD IgG/NAb 滴度以及刺突（疫苗编码抗原）特异性 T 细胞克隆。