The association between depressive disorders and measures reflecting myelin content is underexplored, despite growing evidence of associations with white matter tract integrity. We characterized the T1w/T2w ratio using the Glasser atlas in 39 UD and 47 HC participants (ages = 19–44, 75% female). A logistic elastic net regularized regression with nested cross-validation and a subsequent linear discriminant analysis conducted on held-out samples were used to select brain regions and classify patients vs. healthy controls (HC). True-label model performance was compared against permuted-label model performance. The T1w/T2w ratio distinguished patients from HC with 68% accuracy (p < 0.001; sensitivity = 63.8%, specificity = 71.5%). Brain regions contributing to this classification performance were located in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, extended visual, and auditory cortices, and showed statistically significant differences in the T1w/T2w ratio for patients vs. HC. As the T1w/T2w ratio is thought to characterize cortical myelin, patterns of cortical myelin in these regions may be a biomarker distinguishing individuals with depressive disorders from HC.

尽管越来越多的证据表明与白质束完整性相关，但抑郁症与反映髓磷脂含量的措施之间的关联尚未得到充分探索。我们使用 Glasser 图谱对 39 名 UD 和 47 名 HC 参与者（年龄 = 19–44，75% 为女性）的 T1w/T2w 比率进行了表征。使用嵌套交叉验证的逻辑弹性净正则化回归和随后对保留样本进行的线性判别分析来选择大脑区域并对患者与健康对照 (HC) 进行分类。将真实标签模型性能与置换标签模型性能进行了比较。T1w/T2w 比率区分患者与 HC 的准确率为 68%（p < 0.001；灵敏度 = 63.8%，特异性 = 71.5%）。有助于这种分类性能的大脑区域位于眶额皮质，前扣带回、扩展的视觉和听觉皮层，并显示患者与 HC 的 T1w/T2w 比率存在统计学显着差异。由于 T1w/T2w 比率被认为是皮质髓鞘的特征，因此这些区域的皮质髓鞘模式可能是区分抑郁症患者与 HC 患者的生物标志物。