Abstract

The study of catalysis is important because many industrial processes depend upon catalysts for their success. Transition metal catalysts are essential components in most refining and petrochemical processes. Compared to other metal catalysts, copper catalysts have become much more attractive due to their high earth abundance, low price, low toxicity, and unique catalytic characteristics that are well suited to cross-coupling with C(sp³)–X electrophiles. Unactivated alkyl electrophiles are versatile and efficient reagents for the coupling reactions. This paper attempts to review the copper catalysts and this applications in coupling reactions based on using unactivated alkyl reagents.

摘要

催化研究很重要，因为许多工业过程的成功依赖于催化剂。过渡金属催化剂是大多数炼油和石化过程中的重要组成部分。与其他金属催化剂相比，铜催化剂由于其高地球丰度、低价格、低毒性和非常适合与 C(sp ³ )-X 亲电试剂交叉偶联的独特催化特性而变得更具吸引力。未活化的烷基亲电试剂是用于偶联反应的通用且有效的试剂。本文试图回顾铜催化剂及其在基于使用未活化烷基试剂的偶联反应中的应用。