We formulate a general theory of wave-particle duality for many-body quantum states, which quantifies how wavelike and particlelike properties balance each other. Much as in the well-understood single-particle case, which-way information—here, on the level of many-particle paths—lends particle character, while interference—here, due to coherent superpositions of many-particle amplitudes—indicates wavelike properties. We analyze how many-particle which-way information, continuously tunable by the level of distinguishability of fermionic or bosonic, identical and possibly interacting particles, constrains interference contributions to many-particle observables and thus controls the quantum-to-classical transition in many-particle quantum systems. The versatility of our theoretical framework is illustrated for Hong-Ou-Mandel-like and Bose-Hubbard-like exemplary settings.

中文翻译：

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多体量子态的波粒二象性

我们为多体量子态制定了波粒二象性的一般理论，该理论量化了波状和粒子状属性如何相互平衡。就像在易于理解的单粒子情况下一样，哪个方向的信息——这里是多粒子路径的水平——赋予粒子特性，而干扰——这里，由于多粒子幅度的相干叠加——表明波状特性. 我们分析了通过费米子或玻色子、相同且可能相互作用的粒子的可区分性水平连续可调的多粒子路径信息，限制了对多粒子可观测值的干扰贡献，从而控制了多粒子从量子到经典的转变粒子量子系统。