Wuyiling Nature Reserve is located at the edge of a frozen soil area and has abundant vegetation resources. It is an important area for evaluating the impact of frozen soil degradation on the environment. Analyzing the water quality and eutrophication characteristics of different swamps and water bodies can provide a basis for protecting the water environment of frozen soil areas. The pollution characteristics of different swamps and water bodies were analyzed and the Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation neural network was used to evaluate water quality and eutrophication. Finally, the eutrophication evaluation was compared with the nutritional status index. The results demonstrated that (1) the highest concentrations of the total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen (AN), permanganate index (PI), chemical oxygen demand, and chlorophyll were all present in the Tangwang River, which could be caused by the effects of human and agricultural activities along the river. The maximum average concentrations of TP, AN, and PI in the four wetland swamps appeared in the shrub swamp; (2) The water quality category of shrub, grass, and forest swamps in Wuyiling Nature Reserve was Class II, and the water quality category of floating swamps and the Tangwang River was Class I. The nutrient levels of the four marsh swamp wetlands and the Tangwang River were in the mid-range for many nutrients; and (3) the LM–BP neural network model, which was used to evaluate water eutrophication, and the results of a comprehensive evaluation of a nutritional status index were similar, further demonstrating the credibility of the evaluation results.

武夷岭自然保护区地处冻土区边缘，植被资源丰富。它是评估冻土退化对环境影响的重要领域。分析不同沼泽和水体的水质和富营养化特征，可为保护冻土区水环境提供依据。分析了不同沼泽和水体的污染特征，利用Levenberg-Marquardt反向传播神经网络对水质和富营养化进行了评价。最后，将富营养化评价与营养状况指数进行比较。结果表明（1）总磷（TP）、总氮、氨氮（AN）、高锰酸盐指数（PI）、化学需氧量、塘王河中均存在叶绿素和叶绿素，这可能是沿河人类和农业活动的影响所致。4个湿地沼泽TP、AN、PI的最大平均浓度出现在灌木沼泽；（2）武夷岭自然保护区灌丛、草地、森林沼泽水质类别为Ⅱ类，漂浮沼泽和塘王河水质类别为Ⅰ类。4个沼泽沼泽湿地的营养水平和汤旺河的营养物质处于中等水平；(3) LM-BP神经网络模型，用于评价水体富营养化，与营养状况指标综合评价结果相似，进一步证明了评价结果的可信度。这可能是由于沿河的人类和农业活动的影响造成的。4个湿地沼泽TP、AN、PI的最大平均浓度出现在灌木沼泽；（2）武夷岭自然保护区灌丛、草地、森林沼泽水质类别为Ⅱ类，漂浮沼泽和塘王河水质类别为Ⅰ类。4个沼泽沼泽湿地的营养水平和汤旺河的营养物质处于中等水平；(3) LM-BP神经网络模型，用于评价水体富营养化，与营养状况指标综合评价结果相似，进一步证明了评价结果的可信度。这可能是由于沿河的人类和农业活动的影响造成的。4个湿地沼泽TP、AN、PI的最大平均浓度出现在灌木沼泽；（2）武夷岭自然保护区灌丛、草地、森林沼泽水质类别为Ⅱ类，漂浮沼泽和塘王河水质类别为Ⅰ类。4个沼泽沼泽湿地的营养水平和汤旺河的营养物质处于中等水平；(3) LM-BP神经网络模型，用于评价水体富营养化，与营养状况指标综合评价结果相似，进一步证明了评价结果的可信度。4个湿地沼泽TP、AN、PI的最大平均浓度出现在灌木沼泽；（2）武夷岭自然保护区灌丛、草地、森林沼泽水质类别为Ⅱ类，漂浮沼泽和塘王河水质类别为Ⅰ类。4个沼泽沼泽湿地的营养水平和汤旺河的营养物质处于中等水平；(3) LM-BP神经网络模型，用于评价水体富营养化，与营养状况指标综合评价结果相似，进一步证明了评价结果的可信度。4个湿地沼泽TP、AN、PI的最大平均浓度出现在灌木沼泽；（2）武夷岭自然保护区灌丛、草地、森林沼泽水质类别为Ⅱ类，漂浮沼泽和塘王河水质类别为Ⅰ类。4个沼泽沼泽湿地的营养水平和汤旺河的营养物质处于中等水平；(3) LM-BP神经网络模型，用于评价水体富营养化，与营养状况指标综合评价结果相似，进一步证明了评价结果的可信度。漂浮沼泽和汤旺河的水质类别为Ⅰ类。4个沼泽湿地和汤旺河的营养水平在许多营养物质中处于中等水平；(3) LM-BP神经网络模型，用于评价水体富营养化，与营养状况指标综合评价结果相似，进一步证明了评价结果的可信度。漂浮沼泽和汤旺河的水质类别为Ⅰ类。4个沼泽湿地和汤旺河的营养水平在许多营养物质中处于中等水平；(3) LM-BP神经网络模型，用于评价水体富营养化，与营养状况指标综合评价结果相似，进一步证明了评价结果的可信度。