A large-scale stomach sampling program was carried out in 2015 where 27.627 stomachs from 70 fish species (including two genera) were collected and analysed. This provided a baseline for further trophic investigations in the Barents Sea. Here, we focus on spatial and seasonal variations in fish diet and feeding intensity, and how the trophic structure of fish communities varies between seasons. Principal component analysis revealed the position of 34 selected fish species with a pattern reflecting the three groups of piscivores, planktivores, and benthivores. Copepods, krill and hyperiid amphipods were the dominant prey for two groups or clusters of planktivorous fishes. Piscivores generally fed on a wide range of fish species, supplemented by benthic prey such as epibenthic mobile crabs and shrimps, and pelagic prey such as euphausiids and hyperiid amphipods. The benthivores had a more diverse and complex diet. Small benthivorous fishes were feeding on polychaetes, small benthic crustaceans (gammarid amphipods, isopods, and mysids), and hyperiids. These fishes, which feed in the interface between the water column and the seafloor, direct their foraging attention either downwards to eat polychaetes, small molluscs, and echinoderms, or upwards to feed on hyperbenthic amphipods, isopods, and pelagic hyperiids.

Our results show the clearest signs of seasonality for the planktivore groups which feed on zooplankton and use the seasonal ‘pulse’ of the new generations (e.g. of Calanus finmarchicus) developing in spring and summer. Piscivores also utilize seasonally available prey related to feeding and spawning migrations, notably of capelin and polar cod. Despite the seasonality, the overall trophic structure with the main groups of planktivores, piscivores, and benthivores persisted over the seasons. Biogeographical affiliation contributes both to spatial divergence between Arctic and boreal species in the BS, and to spatial integration through migrations and wide distributions of Arctic-boreal and ‘mainly boreal’ species. Habitat association contributes to spatial divergence and reduced competition between species in the same trophic clusters, e.g. between species distributed in shallow versus deeper waters. This work improves our knowledge about seasonal and spatial variation in the trophic interactions of the Barents Sea fish community and forms the basis for further studies of energy flow in the Barents Sea ecosystem.

2015 年开展了大规模的胃采样计划，收集和分析了 70 种鱼类（包括两个属）的 27.627 个胃。这为巴伦支海的进一步营养调查提供了基线。在这里，我们关注鱼类饮食和摄食强度的空间和季节变化，以及鱼类群落的营养结构如何在季节之间变化。主成分分析揭示了 34 种选定鱼类的位置，其模式反映了三组食鱼动物、浮游动物和底栖动物。桡足类、磷虾和超类角足类动物是两组或一群浮游鱼类的主要猎物。食鱼动物通常以多种鱼类为食，辅以底栖猎物，如底栖移动蟹和虾，和远洋猎物，如磷虾类和超类角足类动物。底栖动物的饮食更加多样化和复杂。小型底栖鱼类以多毛类、小型底栖甲壳类动物（伽玛目片足类、等足类和糠虾类）和金丝虫为食。这些鱼类在水柱和海底之间的界面觅食，它们的觅食注意力要么向下吃多毛类动物、小软体动物和棘皮动物，要么向上吃超底栖类角足类动物、等足类动物和远洋金丝雀。

我们的研究结果显示了以浮游动物为食并利用新一代（例如Calanus finmarchicus) 春夏两季发展。食鱼动物还利用季节性可用的与觅食和产卵迁移相关的猎物，特别是毛鳞鱼和极地鳕鱼。尽管有季节性，但浮游动物、鱼食动物和底栖动物主要群体的整体营养结构在整个季节中持续存在。生物地理隶属关系有助于 BS 中北极和北方物种之间的空间差异，以及通过北极-北方和“主要是北方”物种的迁移和广泛分布的空间整合。栖息地关联有助于空间差异和同一营养集群中物种之间的竞争减少，例如分布在浅水与更深水域的物种之间的竞争。