1. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which the behavioural traits of freshwater mussels provide suitable indicators of stress in individuals, towards the advancement of non-invasive, remote monitoring techniques to examine population condition.
2. Variation in the expression of particular behavioural metrics was examined in accordance with measurements of oxygen consumption, across environmental stressors (aerial exposure and high concentrations of total suspended solids), and between two freshwater mussel species (Margaritifera margaritifera and Anodonta anatina)
3. Aerobic metabolic rate was quantified using intermittent respirometry, and behaviour was observed using time-lapse footage. Comparisons of metabolic response and the occurrence of behavioural traits, across the two stressors, focused on differences between the 24 h pre-exposure period (pre-exposure), the first 3 h of post-exposure (immediate post-exposure), and the time following the initial 3 h of post-exposure until the end of the experimental run (extended post-exposure).
4. The results of this study demonstrated a relationship between the frequency of occurrence of behavioural responses to stress exposure, associated with valve activity, and significant changes in the metabolic functioning of A. anatina and M. margaritifera mussels. The findings from the study also highlighted substantial intraspecific variation across species and stressors.
5. Data from this research could assist in the development of novel biosensors that track mussel valve activity remotely in their natural environment. When coupled with real-time data examining alterations in environmental metrics, this technology could assist in the monitoring of population condition and aid conservation management.

中文翻译：

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Unionida 贻贝对压力的行为和代谢反应

1. 本研究的目的是评估淡水贻贝的行为特征在多大程度上提供了合适的个体压力指标，以促进非侵入性远程监测技术的发展，以检查种群状况。
2. 根据耗氧量、环境压力因素（空气暴露和高浓度总悬浮固体）以及两种淡水贻贝物种（Margaritifera margaritifera和Anodonta anatina）之间的测量，检查了特定行为指标表达的变化
3. 有氧代谢率使用间歇呼吸测量法进行量化，并使用延时镜头观察行为。对两种压力源的代谢反应和行为特征发生的比较，重点关注暴露前 24 小时（暴露前）、暴露后前 3 小时（暴露后立即）和从最初的暴露后 3 小时到实验结束（延长后暴露）的时间。
4. 这项研究的结果证明了对压力暴露的行为反应的发生频率（与瓣膜活动相关）与A. anatina和M. margaritifera贻贝代谢功能的显着变化之间存在关系。该研究的结果还强调了跨物种和压力源的大量种内变异。
5. 这项研究的数据可以帮助开发新型生物传感器，在自然环境中远程跟踪贻贝瓣膜的活动。当与检查环境指标变化的实时数据相结合时，该技术可以帮助监测人口状况并帮助保护管理。