Sustainable N-doped lignin-derived porous carbon showing ion selectivity in capacitive deionization applications,Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology

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Sustainable N-doped lignin-derived porous carbon showing ion selectivity in capacitive deionization applications
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-07 , DOI: 10.1039/d1ew00303h
Saowaluk Chaleawlert-umpon ₁ , Supaporn Phiromrak ₁ , Nuttaporn Pimpha ₁

Affiliation

As a green material, we presented a highly ion-selective N-doped lignin-derived porous carbon (NLC) material treated with urea. The synthetic reaction occurred through self-assembly of a low toxicity crosslinking agent (glyoxal), a triblock copolymer template (Pluronic F127), and urea as a non-toxic N precursor. The NLC product had a higher BET surface area and increased active sites with a N content of 4.19 at%. Furthermore, structural N (pyridinic, pyrrolic, and graphitic N types) facilitated electron transfer and increased hydrophilicity in the carbon matrix. We investigated the ion selectivity of NLC for capacitive deionization (CDI) in different single-salt solutions and in a competitive ion environment. A significant improvement in electrosorption was detected due to more active sites of NLC as a Lewis base, compared to unmodified lignin-derived porous carbon (LC). The results revealed that the cation adsorption capacity strongly relied on the ionic charge, hydrated radii, and initial concentration of the salt solution. The divalent cation selectivity was achieved by high local electrostatic attraction between the N atom and divalent cations. Finally, this study provided a promising electrode material for CDI applications to enable high adsorption for brackish water and high selectivity for softening water.

中文翻译：

可持续的 N 掺杂木质素衍生多孔碳在电容去离子应用中显示出离子选择性

作为一种绿色材料，我们提出了一种用尿素处理的高离子选择性 N 掺杂木质素衍生多孔碳 (NLC) 材料。合成反应通过低毒性交联剂（乙二醛）、三嵌段共聚物模板（Pluronic F127）和作为无毒氮前体的尿素的自组装发生。NLC 产品具有更高的 BET 表面积和增加的活性位点，N 含量为 4.19 at%。此外，结构 N（吡啶、吡咯和石墨 N 类型）促进了电子转移并增加了碳基质中的亲水性。我们研究了 NLC 在不同单盐溶液和竞争性离子环境中对电容去离子 (CDI) 的离子选择性。由于 NLC 有更多活性位点作为路易斯碱，因此检测到电吸附的显着改善，与未改性木质素衍生的多孔碳（LC）相比。结果表明，阳离子吸附能力强烈依赖于离子电荷、水合半径和盐溶液的初始浓度。二价阳离子选择性是通过 N 原子和二价阳离子之间的高局部静电吸引力实现的。最后，这项研究为 CDI 应用提供了一种有前途的电极材料，可以对微咸水进行高吸附，对软化水具有高选择性。

更新日期：2021-08-23

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