Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, is usually a latent and asymptomatic malignancy caused by different aetiologies, which is a result of various aberrant molecular heterogeneity and often diagnosed at advanced stages. The incidence and prevalence have significantly increased because of sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, chronic infection with hepatotropic viruses and exposure to aflatoxins. Due to advanced intra- or extrahepatic metastasis, recurrence is very common even after radical resection. In this paper, we highlighted novel therapeutic modalities, such as molecular-targeted therapies, targeted radionuclide therapies and epigenetic modification-based therapies. These topics are trending headlines and their combination with cell-based immunotherapies, and gene therapy has provided promising prospects for the future of HCC treatment. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of current and advanced therapeutic approaches is discussed and the advantages and limitations of each strategy are described. Finally, very recent and approved novel combined therapies and their promising results in HCC treatment have been introduced.

中文翻译：

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肝细胞癌的先进治疗方式：新见解

肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的肝癌类型，通常是由不同病因引起的潜伏性和无症状的恶性肿瘤，是各种异常分子异质性的结果，通常在晚期被诊断出来。由于久坐不动的生活方式、糖尿病、慢性嗜肝病毒感染和接触黄曲霉毒素，发病率和流行率显着增加。由于晚期肝内或肝外转移，即使在根治性切除后复发也很常见。在本文中，我们重点介绍了新的治疗方式，例如分子靶向治疗、靶向放射性核素治疗和基于表观遗传修饰的治疗。这些主题是热门的头条新闻以及它们与基于细胞的免疫疗法的结合，基因治疗为HCC治疗的未来提供了广阔的前景。此外，还讨论了当前和先进的治疗方法的全面概述，并描述了每种策略的优点和局限性。最后，介绍了最近和批准的新型联合疗法及其在 HCC 治疗中的有希望的结果。