Notwithstanding major advances in psychotherapeutics, their efficacy and specificity remain limited. The slow onset of beneficial outcomes and numerous adverse effects of widely used medications remain of chief concern, warranting in-depth studies. The majority of frontline therapies are thought to enhance the endogenous monoaminergic drive, to initiate a cascade of events leading to lasting functional and structural plasticity. The latter also involves alterations in trophic factor signalling, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NGF (nerve growth factors), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and others. In several major mental disorders, emerging data suggest protective and restorative effects of trophic factors in preclinical models, when applied on their own. Antidepressant outcomes of VGF and FGF2, for instance, were shown in experimental animals, while BDNF and GDNF prove useful in the treatment of addiction, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders. The main challenge with the effective translation of these and other findings in the clinic is the knowledge gap in action mechanisms with potential risks, as well as the lack of effective platforms for validation under clinical settings. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art and advances in the therapeutic use of trophic factors in several major neuropsychiatric disorders.

尽管心理治疗取得了重大进展，但其疗效和特异性仍然有限。广泛使用的药物的缓慢出现的有益结果和许多不良反应仍然是主要问题，需要深入研究。大多数一线疗法被认为可以增强内源性单胺能驱动，引发一系列事件，导致持久的功能和结构可塑性。后者还涉及营养因子信号的改变，包括脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、NGF（神经生长因子）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、成纤维细胞生长因子2（FGF2）、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（ GDNF) 等。在几种主要的精神障碍中，新出现的数据表明营养因子在临床前模型中具有保护和恢复作用，自己申请的时候。例如，VGF 和 FGF2 的抗抑郁效果在实验动物中得到证实，而 BDNF 和 GDNF 被证明可用于治疗成瘾、精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍。在临床中有效转化这些和其他发现的主要挑战是具有潜在风险的作用机制的知识差距，以及缺乏在临床环境下进行验证的有效平台。在此，我们回顾了营养因子在几种主要神经精神疾病中的治疗用途的最新技术和进展。在临床中有效转化这些和其他发现的主要挑战是具有潜在风险的作用机制的知识差距，以及缺乏在临床环境下进行验证的有效平台。在此，我们回顾了营养因子在几种主要神经精神疾病中的治疗用途的最新技术和进展。在临床中有效转化这些和其他发现的主要挑战是具有潜在风险的作用机制的知识差距，以及缺乏在临床环境下进行验证的有效平台。在此，我们回顾了营养因子在几种主要神经精神疾病中的治疗用途的最新技术和进展。