Previous studies (Nakajima, 2019a,b) demonstrated food avoidance learning based on wheel running in laboratory mice: Consumption of a target snack becomes suppressed if it is repeatedly paired with an opportunity to run in an activity wheel. This is a kind of Pavlovian conditioning, because the avoidance is specific to the paired snack. For example, in an experiment, mice were initially trained to run in closed wheels. Then, access to one of the two kinds of snacks (cheese or raisins, counterbalanced) was followed by confinement in a large pet cage with an open wheel, while access to the other snack was not. After several repetitions of these two types of trials, differentiation in consumption between the two snacks emerged: The intake of the unpaired snack increased gradually over days, while the increase was attenuated for the running-paired snack. The present study replicated this food avoidance learning without the pretraining of running in a closed wheel, emphasizing the intrinsic capacity of running to establish food avoidance. The results somewhat suggest that pretraining in open wheels facilitates running-based food avoidance, but this effect was too weak in the present study to draw a clear conclusion.

之前的研究 (Nakajima, 2019a,b) 证明了基于在实验室老鼠身上跑轮子的食物回避学习：如果目标零食的消费与在活动轮子上跑步的机会反复配对，就会受到抑制。这是一种巴甫洛夫条件反射，因为回避是特定于配对小吃的。例如，在一项实验中，老鼠最初被训练在封闭的轮子上奔跑。然后，在获得两种零食中的一种（奶酪或葡萄干，平衡）之后，将其关在一个带开轮的大宠物笼子里，而不能获得另一种零食。这两种类型的试验多次重复后，两种零食的消费差异出现：未配对零食的摄入量在几天内逐渐增加，而跑步配对小吃的增长减弱。本研究复制了这种避免食物的学习，没有在封闭的轮子中跑步的预训练，强调跑步建立食物避免的内在能力。结果在某种程度上表明，在开轮式中进行预训练有助于避免以跑步为基础的食物，但在本研究中这种效果太弱，无法得出明确的结论。