This study is a meta-analysis of cultivation research from the 1970s to the present, based on three-level analyses of 3842 effect sizes from 406 independent samples. We found an overall effect size of .107 that varies only within a fairly narrow range across many potential moderators. Cultivation effects remain stable over the decades, implying an enduring relationship between television’s message system and viewers’ conceptions of social reality, despite immense changes in the institutional structure and technology of television. That bolsters a “traditional” perspective on cultivation, which is further corroborated by a stronger positive effect of overall viewing compared with genre viewing. However, this (stronger) effect weakens over time, which provides at least partial support for a “reformist” perspective on cultivation. Moreover, sample size and mode of data collection also moderate cultivation effects, with larger effects in smaller samples and in data collected via questionnaires compared with other methods.

中文翻译：

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电视、连续性和变化：五个十年栽培研究的元分析

本研究是对 1970 年代至今的栽培研究的荟萃分析，基于对 406 个独立样本的 3842 个效应量的三级分析。我们发现整体效应大小为 0.107，仅在许多潜在调节剂的一个相当窄的范围内变化。尽管电视的制度结构和技术发生了巨大的变化，但培养效果在几十年中保持稳定，这意味着电视的信息系统与观众对社会现实的观念之间存在着持久的关系。这支持了一种“传统”的培养观点，与类型观看相比，整体观看具有更强的积极作用，进一步证实了这一点。然而，这种（更强的）影响会随着时间的推移而减弱，这至少为“改良主义”的耕作观点提供了部分支持。而且，