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Understanding the influence of anti-reversion agent and metal oxide dose on natural rubber–carbon black system
Polymer Engineering and Science ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-21 , DOI: 10.1002/pen.25787 Koushik Pal 1 , Hirak Satpathi 1 , Tirthankar Bhandary 1 , Barun Kumar Samui 1 , Sanjay Bhattacharyya 1 , Kinsuk Naskar 2 , Rabindra Mukhopadhyay 1
Polymer Engineering and Science ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-21 , DOI: 10.1002/pen.25787 Koushik Pal 1 , Hirak Satpathi 1 , Tirthankar Bhandary 1 , Barun Kumar Samui 1 , Sanjay Bhattacharyya 1 , Kinsuk Naskar 2 , Rabindra Mukhopadhyay 1
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Sulfidic linkages that are formed during the vulcanization process of natural rubber (NR) are unstable at a higher temperature and can be reversed into conjugated diene. To overcome such issue and to build a compound that is hostile to inversion and with increasing service life, anti-reversion agent (ARA), for example, N,N′-4,4′-diphenylmethyene bismaleimide (BMDM), is added into the formulation. This work explains the conjugation reaction mechanism of conjugated diene and BMDM by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The first phase of this study is associated with the change in ARA dosage keeping ZnO dosage the same. It is observed that 5 phr of BMDM and 2 phr ZnO combination (ARA4) shows lowest reversion at 160°C. The modulus value at 300% elongation increased 12% by the incorporation of BMDM as compared to the compound of no BMDM (ARA1). The second part is all about keeping BMDM dosage the same at 5 phr level and varying ZnO phr by 3, 4, and 5. From the overall results, it is observed that at a suitable dosage of BMDM and ZnO (5 phr BMDM and 3 phr ZnO combination [ARA5]), least reversion can be achieved and vulcanizates containing optimized BMDM and ZnO show better retention properties after aerobic aging as compared to ARA1.
中文翻译：
了解抗返原剂和金属氧化物用量对天然橡胶-炭黑体系的影响
天然橡胶 (NR) 硫化过程中形成的硫键在较高温度下不稳定，可以逆转为共轭二烯。为了克服这样的问题并构建抗反转且使用寿命增加的化合物，抗反转剂（ARA），例如，N , N'-4,4'-二苯基亚甲基双马来酰亚胺（BMDM）被添加到配方中。这项工作通过气相色谱-质谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱解释了共轭二烯和 BMDM 的共轭反应机理。该研究的第一阶段与保持 ZnO 剂量相同的 ARA 剂量变化有关。据观察，5 份 BMDM 和 2 份 ZnO 组合 (ARA4) 在 160°C 下显示出最低的返还率。与不含 BMDM 的化合物 (ARA1) 相比，通过掺入 BMDM，在 300% 伸长率下的模量值增加了 12%。第二部分是关于将 BMDM 用量保持在 5 phr 的水平，并将 ZnO phr 改变 3、4 和 5。 phr ZnO 组合 [ARA5])，
更新日期：2021-10-01
中文翻译：
了解抗返原剂和金属氧化物用量对天然橡胶-炭黑体系的影响
天然橡胶 (NR) 硫化过程中形成的硫键在较高温度下不稳定，可以逆转为共轭二烯。为了克服这样的问题并构建抗反转且使用寿命增加的化合物，抗反转剂（ARA），例如，N , N'-4,4'-二苯基亚甲基双马来酰亚胺（BMDM）被添加到配方中。这项工作通过气相色谱-质谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱解释了共轭二烯和 BMDM 的共轭反应机理。该研究的第一阶段与保持 ZnO 剂量相同的 ARA 剂量变化有关。据观察，5 份 BMDM 和 2 份 ZnO 组合 (ARA4) 在 160°C 下显示出最低的返还率。与不含 BMDM 的化合物 (ARA1) 相比，通过掺入 BMDM，在 300% 伸长率下的模量值增加了 12%。第二部分是关于将 BMDM 用量保持在 5 phr 的水平，并将 ZnO phr 改变 3、4 和 5。 phr ZnO 组合 [ARA5])，
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