Diabetes is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence globally. Plant-based medicines for diabetes are gaining popularity across the world due to perceptions of efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. The plant, Parinari macrophylla, has been widely reported to possess potent ethnomedicinal properties especially in the northern part of Nigeria. However, there has been no scientific documentation of this plant to be used as an antidiabetic agent. The objective of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies were conducted. Wistar rats weighing between 100 and 150 g were used for the study and diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The animals were treated with different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla (1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Blood glucose levels and body weight were then monitored. Histopathological investigation of pancreatic tissue was also conducted. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, and triterpenes as secondary metabolites. The acute toxicity test revealed no mortality with a median lethal dose determined to be above 5000 mg/kg. Although the two different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla decreased blood glucose levels at weeks 1 and 2, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was only observed for the group treated with 2000 mg/kg dose compared to the diabetic control group at week 2. The histological investigation revealed that the two different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla caused regeneration of pancreatic islet cells, with the 2000 mg/kg dose being more evident. This study suggests that the stem bark extract of P. macrophylla possesses a potent antidiabetic effect and may potentially be used to treat diabetes and associated complications.

中文翻译：

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Parinari macrophylla 水茎皮提取物对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病 Wistar 大鼠的抗糖尿病作用

糖尿病是一个主要的公共卫生问题，在全球范围内的患病率不断增加。由于对疗效、安全性和成本效益的认识，用于糖尿病的植物性药物在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。据报道，这种植物 Parinari macrophylla 具有强大的民族药用特性，尤其是在尼日利亚北部。然而，没有关于这种植物用作抗糖尿病药物的科学文献。本研究的目的是研究大叶假单胞菌茎皮提取物对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病 Wistar 大鼠的抗糖尿病作用。进行了植物化学筛选和急性毒性研究。体重在 100 至 150 g 之间的 Wistar 大鼠用于研究，并使用四氧嘧啶一水合物 (150 mg/kg) 腹膜内诱导糖尿病。用不同剂量的 P. macrophylla 茎皮提取物（1000 mg/kg 和 2000 mg/kg）处理动物 2 周。然后监测血糖水平和体重。还进行了胰腺组织的组织病理学研究。植物化学分析表明存在生物碱、皂苷、单宁、强心苷、碳水化合物、类固醇和三萜作为次生代谢物。急性毒性试验显示，中位致死剂量高于 5000 mg/kg 时无死亡率。尽管两种不同剂量的大叶松树皮提取物在第 1 周和第 2 周降低了血糖水平，但仅在 2000 mg/kg 剂量组与糖尿病组相比观察到了统计学显着差异（P < 0.05）对照组在第 2 周。组织学研究表明，两种不同剂量的大叶松树皮提取物均能引起胰岛细胞再生，其中2000mg/kg的剂量更为明显。这项研究表明，大叶 P. macrophylla 的茎皮提取物具有有效的抗糖尿病作用，可能用于治疗糖尿病和相关并发症。