The purpose of the present review was to systematically review, synthesize and quantify prevalence rates of subclinical and clinical psychological symptoms in children and adolescents who have undergone surgery. Systematic literature searches were conducted twofold in April 8, 2020 and March 7, 2021 in PsycInfo and PubMed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Manuscripts were screened against eligibility criteria and were included if they investigated psychological symptoms in children or adolescents (age between 1 to 21 years at the time of study) who were hospitalized for pediatric surgery. Means and standard deviations weighted by sample size were calculated. Eleven articles met inclusion criteria. The review revealed that a small but substantial number of children and adolescents are at an elevated risk for postoperative psychological symptoms and disorders. Up to 13% had symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of a posttraumatic stress disorder, 6% to 8% exhibited elevated symptoms of depression or anxiety, and about 25% showed internalizing and externalizing symptoms. This review provides preliminary evidence that children and adolescents experience significant psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms after pediatric surgery. Apart from better training of clinicians, prevention, early psychological screening and psychosocial care in surgical wards of hospitals are recommended. Well-designed studies of high methodological quality are necessary to replicate existing findings and provide a broader base of evidence.

本综述的目的是系统地回顾、综合和量化接受手术的儿童和青少年亚临床和临床心理症状的患病率。根据系统评价和荟萃分析指南的首选报告项目，于 2020 年 4 月 8 日和 2021 年 3 月 7 日在 PsycInfo 和 PubMed 上进行了两次系统文献检索。手稿根据资格标准进行筛选，如果调查了因小儿手术住院的儿童或青少年（研究时年龄在 1 至 21 岁之间）的心理症状，则手稿将被纳入。计算按样本量加权的平均值和标准差。十一篇文章符合纳入标准。审查显示，少数但大量的儿童和青少年出现术后心理症状和障碍的风险较高。高达 13% 的人表现出符合创伤后应激障碍诊断的症状，6% 至 8% 的人表现出抑郁或焦虑症状加重，约 25% 的人表现出内化和外化症状。该综述提供了初步证据，表明儿童和青少年在小儿手术后经历了严重的心理困扰和创伤后应激症状。除了更好地培训临床医生外，还建议在医院外科病房进行预防、早期心理筛查和社会心理护理。精心设计、方法论质量高的研究对于复制现有研究结果并提供更广泛的证据基础是必要的。