Background/Objectives. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the Middle Eastern population remains among the highest in the world, despite the region enjoying sunlight most days of the year. This study aimed at assessing the status of serum vitamin D and determining factors associated with vitamin D deficiency among community-dwelling adults residing in Greater Beirut, Lebanon. Methods. A random sample of Lebanese adults residing in the Greater Beirut area was selected based on area probability and multistage cluster sampling. Data from 446 participants (68% females) with mean age 45.3 ± 15 years were used for the analyses. Participants were recruited between March and May. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured using electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. Results. Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent whether using the cutoff of 50 nmol/L or using the more conservative cutoff of 30 nmol/L; more specifically, 71.9% and 39.1% of the study population were deficient using the above cutoffs, respectively In the bivariate analyses, gender, BMI and body fat mass, socioeconomic factors (income and education level), alcohol consumption, dietary intake of fat and of vitamin D, serum LDL-cholesterol, and serum creatinine were all associated with vitamin D status. After adjustment for multiple covariates, age, income, alcohol consumption, and serum creatinine were independent predictors of vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Lebanon. Preventive measures should target the modifiable risk factors.

中文翻译：

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黎巴嫩成年人维生素 D 缺乏症：基于社区的横断面研究的患病率和预测因素

背景/目标。尽管该地区一年中大部分时间都享受阳光，但中东人口中维生素 D 缺乏症的患病率仍然位居世界前列。本研究旨在评估居住在黎巴嫩大贝鲁特的社区成年人的血清维生素 D 状况以及与维生素 D 缺乏相关的决定因素。方法。根据区域概率和多阶段整群抽样，随机抽取居住在大贝鲁特地区的黎巴嫩成年人样本。来自平均年龄 45.3 ± 15 岁的 446 名参与者（68% 女性）的数据用于分析。参与者是在 3 月至 5 月期间招募的。使用电化学发光免疫测定法测量血清 25-羟基维生素 D 水平。结果. 无论是使用 50 nmol/L 的临界值还是使用更保守的 30 nmol/L 的临界值，维生素 D 缺乏症都非常普遍；更具体地说，使用上述临界值分别有 71.9% 和 39.1% 的研究人群存在缺陷。维生素D、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血清肌酐都与维生素D状态有关。在调整多个协变量后，年龄、收入、饮酒和血清肌酐是维生素 D 缺乏的独立预测因素。结论。维生素 D 缺乏症在黎巴嫩非常普遍。预防措施应针对可改变的风险因素。