Open Access (OA) as a movement has been steadily gaining strength for roughly the last two decades. As this happens, new actors, policies and tools have emerged to support this movement, composing what could be seen as an Open Access Ecosystem (OAE). However, the literature is still surprisingly scarce on the elements, structure and relationships among the components of the actual OAE. For this reason, we review the literature on the subject in order to attain a proposal of what this OAE is at present. After reviewing the literature, we propose the OAE includes three main components: Actors, Technology, and Regulatory Framework. For each of these components, we define the elements included in each one of them, and give examples that emerge from the review of the literature on OA-related research. We propose that elucidating the actual OAE could support policy-makers, as well as the OA community, to better understand the complexity of the Ecosystem and define ways to improve its functioning.

开放获取 (OA) 作为一项运动在大约过去的二十年中一直在稳步增强。在这种情况下，出现了新的参与者、政策和工具来支持这一运动，构成了可以被视为开放获取生态系统 (OAE) 的东西。然而，关于实际 OAE 组件之间的元素、结构和关系的文献仍然令人惊讶地稀少。出于这个原因，我们回顾了有关该主题的文献，以得出目前 OAE 是什么的建议。在查阅文献后，我们建议 OAE 包括三个主要组成部分：参与者、技术和监管框架。对于这些组件中的每一个，我们定义了每个组件中包含的元素，并给出了从 OA 相关研究文献回顾中出现的示例。