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Natural history of Tay-Sachs disease in sheep
Molecular Genetics and Metabolism ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.08.009
Brett Story 1 , Toloo Taghian 2 , Jillian Gallagher 3 , Jey Koehler 4 , Amanda Taylor 5 , Ashley Randle 1 , Kayly Nielsen 1 , Amanda Gross 1 , Annie Maguire 6 , Sara Carl 1 , Siauna Johnson 1 , Deborah Fernau 3 , Elise Diffie 1 , Paul Cuddon 7 , Carly Corado 8 , Sundeep Chandra 8 , Miguel Sena-Esteves 9 , Edwin Kolodny 10 , Xuntian Jiang 11 , Douglas Martin 12 , Heather Gray-Edwards 13
Affiliation  

Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme β-N-acetylhexosaminidase A (HexA). TSD naturally occurs in Jacob sheep is the only experimental model of TSD. TSD in sheep recapitulates neurologic features similar to juvenile onset and late onset TSD patients. Due to the paucity of human literature on pathology of TSD, a better natural history in the sheep TSD brain, which is on the same order of magnitude as a child's, is necessary for evaluating therapy and characterizing the pathological events that occur. To provide clinicians and researchers with a clearer understanding of longitudinal pathology in patients, we compare spectrum of clinical signs and brain pathology in mildly symptomatic (3-months), moderately symptomatic (6-months), or severely affected TSD sheep (humane endpoint at ~9-months of age). Increased GM2 ganglioside in the CSF of TSD sheep and a TSD specific biomarker on MRS (taurine) correlate with disease severity. Microglial activation and reactive astrocytes were observed globally on histopathology in TSD sheep with a widespread reduction in oligodendrocyte density. Myelination is reduced primarily in the forebrain illustrated by loss of white matter on MRI. GM2 and GM3 ganglioside were increased and distributed differently in various tissues. The study of TSD in the sheep model provides a natural history to shed light on the pathophysiology of TSD, which is of utmost importance due to novel therapeutics being assessed in human patients.



中文翻译:

绵羊 Tay-Sachs 病的自然史

Tay-Sachs 病 (TSD) 是一种致命的神经退行性疾病,由 β- N酶缺乏引起-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶A (HexA)。TSD自然发生在雅各布羊身上,是TSD的唯一实验模型。绵羊 TSD 概括了与幼年发病和迟发性 TSD 患者相似的神经系统特征。由于缺乏关于 TSD 病理学的人类文献,因此需要更好的绵羊 TSD 大脑自然史(与儿童的大脑处于同一数量级),以评估治疗和表征发生的病理事件。为了让临床医生和研究人员更清楚地了解患者的纵向病理学,我们比较了轻度症状(3 个月)、中度症状(6 个月)或严重受影响的 TSD 绵羊(人道终点为约 9 个月大)。TSD 绵羊脑脊液中增加的 GM2 神经节苷脂和 MRS(牛磺酸)上的 TSD 特异性生物标志物与疾病严重程度相关。在 TSD 绵羊的组织病理学中,全球观察到小胶质细胞活化和反应性星形胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞密度普遍降低。髓鞘形成主要在前脑减少,表现为 MRI 白质丢失。GM2和GM3神经节苷脂增加,在不同组织中分布不同。在绵羊模型中对 TSD 的研究为阐明 TSD 的病理生理学提供了一个自然史,由于正在对人类患者进行评估的新疗法,这一点至关重要。髓鞘形成主要在前脑减少,表现为 MRI 白质丢失。GM2和GM3神经节苷脂增加,在不同组织中分布不同。在绵羊模型中对 TSD 的研究为阐明 TSD 的病理生理学提供了一个自然史,由于正在对人类患者进行评估的新疗法,这一点至关重要。髓鞘形成主要在前脑减少,表现为 MRI 白质丢失。GM2和GM3神经节苷脂增加,在不同组织中分布不同。在绵羊模型中对 TSD 的研究为阐明 TSD 的病理生理学提供了一个自然史,由于正在对人类患者进行评估的新疗法,这一点至关重要。

更新日期:2021-10-29
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