A one-step sol-gel synthesis of porous carbon micro/nanospheres (PCMNSs) through cationic surfactant with two long hydrophobic chains was reported to realize the tunable synthesis of carbon nanospheres with interconnected structures between the shell and shell. The unique pore structure of PCMNSs endows the material with efficient electrochemical energy storage performance. The abundant macropores and mesopores of PCMNSs can promote the transport of electrolyte by reducing diffusion distances and provide sufficient active sites for effective charge storage and the charge transfer can be greatly increased by the interconnected channel structure among the carbon spherical shells. By adjusting the amount of surfactant and the consumption of ethanol, the controllable synthesis of individual carbon spheres to three-dimensional carbon frameworks were successfully realized. The results showed that the representative sample A-PCMNSs-0.6-35 had excellent supercapacitive performance, excellent electrochemical specific capacitance (242 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹), great capacitance retention (170 F g⁻¹ at 100 A g⁻¹) and superior cycle stability (93% at 10 A g⁻¹ after 5000 cycles).

据报道，通过具有两条长疏水链的阳离子表面活性剂一步溶胶-凝胶合成多孔碳微/纳米球（PCMNSs），实现了碳纳米球的可调合成，该碳纳米球在壳和壳之间具有相互连接的结构。PCMNSs 独特的孔结构赋予材料高效的电化学储能性能。PCMNSs 丰富的大孔和中孔可以通过减少扩散距离来促进电解质的传输，并为有效的电荷存储提供足够的活性位点，并且通过碳球壳之间的互连通道结构可以大大增加电荷转移。通过调节表面活性剂的用量和乙醇的用量，成功实现了单个碳球可控合成三维碳骨架。结果表明，代表性样品 A-PCMNSs-0.6-35 具有优异的超级电容性能、优异的电化学比电容（242 F g^-1  at 1 A g ^-1）、出色的电容保持率（170 F g ^-1  at 100 A g ^-1）和优异的循环稳定性（5000 次循环后10 A g ^{-1 时为}93% ）。