Old age is associated with declines in bone density and muscle mass and function, which predisposes to mobility disability, falls, and fractures. Poor nutritional status, a risk factor for several age-related pathologies, becomes prevalent in old age and contributes to the structural and functional changes of the musculoskeletal system that increases the risk of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, osteosarcopenia, and physical frailty. The biological mechanisms underpinning these pathologies often overlap and include loss of proteostasis, impaired redox functioning, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Thus, provision of nutrients with anabolic/anticatabolic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties may be an effective strategy to offset these age-related pathologies. We searched PUBMED for pre-clinical and clinical work examining the effects of nutrients with a combined effect on muscle and bone. This review summarizes recent evidence on the mechanisms of action and potential clinical use of nutrients that concomitantly improve muscle and bone health in older persons.

老年与骨密度、肌肉质量和功能下降有关，这会导致行动不便、跌倒和骨折。营养不良是几种与年龄相关的疾病的危险因素，在老年时变得普遍，并导致肌肉骨骼系统的结构和功能变化，从而增加骨质疏松症、肌肉减少症、骨肌肉减少症和身体虚弱的风险。支持这些病理的生物学机制通常重叠，包括蛋白质稳态丧失、氧化还原功能受损和慢性低度炎症。因此，提供具有合成代谢/抗分解代谢、抗氧化和抗炎特性的营养素可能是抵消这些与年龄相关的病理的有效策略。我们在 PUBMED 中搜索了临床前和临床工作，以检查营养素对肌肉和骨骼的综合影响。本综述总结了有关营养素的作用机制和潜在临床用途的最新证据，这些营养素可同时改善老年人的肌肉和骨骼健康。