INTRODUCTION To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target 2030, the United Nations (UN) endorsed tobacco use reduction, which is essential in decreasing unnecessary deaths caused by tobacco-induced disease. This study investigates the association between tobacco use and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in clinically normal uterine cervix populations from the SDGs perspective. METHODS This study is a 7-year cross-sectional study of a clinically normal uterine cervix population, based on negative Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA). Subjects were recruited consecutively from the medical records of several public and private health providers in Jakarta. The Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) for Windows version 20.0 were used to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 1397 negative VIA subjects were collected, consisting of 4.9% (69/1397) tobacco users, and 95.1% (1328/1397) non-users. HPV-DNA positive were 4.3% (3/69) in the tobacco user group and 3.7% (49/1328) in the non-user group. Statistical analysis showed unadjusted OR was 1.19 (95% CI: 0.36-3.91, p=0.778) and adjusted OR was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.36-3.89, p=0.786). High-risk HPV (hrHPV) infections of tobacco and non-tobacco users' groups were found in 2/3 and 27/49 (55.1%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study showed an insignificant statistical association between tobacco use and HPV infection in normal uterine cervix. However, the proportion of hrHPV infection was higher in tobacco users than non-users. From the SDGs perspective, cervical cancer is closely related to tobacco use and poverty. Further study is needed to support this result and evaluate other co-factor role-related cervical cancer history to achieve SDGs in 2030.

中文翻译：

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烟草使用及其与正常子宫颈中 HPV 感染的关联：从可持续发展目标的角度进行的一项研究。

引言 为实现 2030 年可持续发展目标 (SDG)，联合国 (UN) 批准了减少烟草使用，这对于减少由烟草引起的疾病造成的不必要的死亡至关重要。本研究从可持续发展目标的角度调查了临床正常子宫颈人群中烟草使用与人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 感染之间的关联。方法 本研究是一项为期 7 年的横断面研究，对临床上正常的子宫颈人群进行了基于醋酸肉眼检查 (VIA) 的阴性结果。从雅加达几家公共和私人医疗保健提供者的医疗记录中连续招募受试者。使用 Windows 20.0 版的统计产品和服务解决方案 (SPSS) 来分析数据。结果共收集到 1397 名 VIA 阴性受试者，包括 4.9% (69/1397) 烟草使用者和 95.1% (1328/1397) 非使用者。HPV-DNA 阳性在烟草使用者组中为 4.3% (3/69)，在非使用者组中为 3.7% (49/1328)。统计分析显示未调整的 OR 为 1.19（95% CI：0.36-3.91，p=0.778），调整后的 OR 为 1.18（95% CI：0.36-3.89，p=0.786）。烟草和非烟草使用者群体的高危 HPV (hrHPV) 感染率分别为 2/3 和 27/49 (55.1%)。结论 本研究表明，在正常子宫颈中，烟草使用与 HPV 感染之间没有显着的统计学关联。然而，烟草使用者的 hrHPV 感染比例高于非使用者。从可持续发展目标的角度来看，宫颈癌与烟草使用和贫困密切相关。