Asian Americans (AAs) are a diverse group who come from many different cultures, backgrounds, immigration histories, geographic regions, and experiences. Unfortunately, AAs are commonly stereotyped as a model minority, used as an intermediary minority, and consequently have been marginalized and left out of dialogues of racism and discrimination. Internalized racism (IR), defined as the internalization of bias and oppression toward one's group, is an especially insidious form of divisive racism that remains largely misunderstood and unaddressed in AAs. In addition to devaluing oneself, IR creates division in communities and reinforces systems of oppression. This paper reviews the extant literature on IR among AAs and discusses the importance of addressing this deleterious issue and its consequences on individual, family, and community mental health. Moreover, I discuss and elucidate how stereotypes about AAs (e.g., model minority, perpetual foreigner, gendered stereotypes, and conceptions of beauty) directly promote and reinforce different types of internalized oppression (e.g., intraracial hierarchies, intraethnic othering, gendered emasculation, and hypersexualization, colorism and Western standards of beauty). Clinical and community recommendations are provided through a multilevel preventive intervention framework. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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揭秘和解决亚裔美国人中内在的种族主义和压迫。

亚裔美国人 (AA) 是一个多元化的群体，他们来自许多不同的文化、背景、移民历史、地理区域和经历。不幸的是，AA 通常被定型为模范少数族裔，被用作中间少数族裔，因此被边缘化并被排除在种族主义和歧视对话之外。内化种族主义 (IR)，被定义为对某个群体的偏见和压迫的内在化，是一种特别阴险的分裂种族主义形式，在 AA 中仍然在很大程度上被误解和未解决。除了贬低自己的价值之外，IR 还会在社区中制造分裂并强化压迫制度。本文回顾了关于 AA 中 IR 的现有文献，并讨论了解决这一有害问题的重要性及其对个人、家庭、和社区心理健康。此外，我讨论并阐明了关于 AA 的刻板印象（例如，模范少数族裔、永久外国人、性别刻板印象和美的概念）如何直接促进和强化不同类型的内化压迫（例如，种族内等级制度、种族内他者、性别阉割和性欲亢进、色彩主义和西方美的标准）。通过多层次的预防干预框架提供临床和社区建议。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。性别去雄化、性欲亢进、色彩主义和西方美的标准）。通过多层次的预防干预框架提供临床和社区建议。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。性别去雄化、性欲亢进、色彩主义和西方美的标准）。通过多层次的预防干预框架提供临床和社区建议。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。