Airborne laser scanning reveals increased growth and complexity of boreal forest canopies across a network of ungulate exclosures in Norway,Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation

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Airborne laser scanning reveals increased growth and complexity of boreal forest canopies across a network of ungulate exclosures in Norway
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-20 , DOI: 10.1002/rse2.224
Anders L. Kolstad ₁ , Ingrid Bekken Snøan ₁ , Gunnar Austrheim ₁ , Ole Martin Bollandsås ₂ , Erling J. Solberg ₃ , James D. M. Speed ₁

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Large herbivores are often classed as ecosystem engineers, and when they become scarce or overabundant, this can alter ecosystem states and influence climate forcing potentials. This realization has spurred a call to integrate large herbivores in earth system models. However, we lack a good understanding of their net effects on climate forcing, including carbon and energy exchange. A possible solution to this lies in harmonizing data across the myriad of large herbivore exclosure experiments around the world. This is challenging due to differences in experimental designs and field protocols. We used airborne laser scanning (ALS) to describe the effect of herbivore removal across 43 young boreal forest stands in Norway and found that exclusion caused the canopy height to increase from 1.7 ± 0.2 to 2.5 ± 0.2 m (means ± se), and also causing a marked increase in vertical complexity and above-ground biomass. We then go on to discuss some of the issues with using ALS; we propose ALS as an approach for studying the effects of multiple large herbivore exclosure experiments simultaneously, and producing area-based estimates on canopy structure and forest biomass in a cheap, efficient, standardized and reproducible way. We suggest that this is a vital next step towards generating biome-wide predictions for the effects of large herbivores on forest ecosystem structure which can both inform both local management goals and earth system models.

中文翻译：

机载激光扫描揭示了挪威有蹄类动物群落网络中北方森林冠层的生长和复杂性增加

大型食草动物通常被归类为生态系统工程师，当它们变得稀缺或过多时，这可能会改变生态系统状态并影响气候强迫潜力。这种认识激发了将大型食草动物整合到地球系统模型中的呼吁。然而，我们对它们对气候强迫的净影响缺乏很好的理解，包括碳和能量交换。一个可能的解决方案在于协调世界各地无数大型食草动物封闭实验的数据。由于实验设计和现场协议的差异，这是具有挑战性的。我们使用机载激光扫描 (ALS) 来描述在挪威 43 个年轻的北方森林林分中清除食草动物的效果，发现排除导致树冠高度从 1.7 ± 0.2 增加到 2.5 ± 0.2 m（平均值 ± se)，并且还导致垂直复杂性和地上生物量的显着增加。然后我们继续讨论使用 ALS 的一些问题；我们建议将 ALS 作为一种同时研究多个大型食草动物封闭实验效果的方法，并以廉价、高效、标准化和可重复的方式对冠层结构和森林生物量进行基于区域的估计。我们建议这是对大型食草动物对森林生态系统结构的影响进行生物群落预测的重要下一步，这既可以为当地管理目标和地球系统模型提供信息。

更新日期：2021-08-20

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