ABSTRACT

We conducted three experiments testing the malleability of memory in incorporating new information following retrieval. All experiments used associative lists typical of the DRM paradigm [Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(1), 17–22; Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803–814]. This paradigm enabled the evaluation of the integration of false information and correct information with the original information. In Experiment 1, participants studied DRM lists, and in a later phase either retrieved or restudied the lists and were presented with never-presented critical lures. The results of Experiment 1 showed that compared to restudy, retrieval enhanced the integration of subsequent false information, as measured by later recall in a follow-up test. In Experiments 2 and 3, after initial study, participants retrieved or studied incorrect information and received corrective feedback. The results showed that retrieval led to more error correction than restudy, when feedback was presented immediately. In general, this research suggests retrieval facilitates incorporation of new, related information, regardless of whether it is false or correct.

摘要

我们进行了三个实验来测试记忆在检索后合并新信息时的延展性。所有实验都使用了 DRM 范式中典型的关联列表 [Deese, J. (1959)。关于在即时回忆中预测特定语言干扰的发生。实验心理学杂志，58（1），17-22；Roediger, HL 和麦克德莫特, KB (1995)。创造虚假记忆：记住列表中没有出现的单词。实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆和认知，21(4), 803–814]。这种范式能够评估错误信息和正确信息与原始信息的整合。在实验 1 中，参与者研究了 DRM 列表，并在随后的阶段检索或重新研究了列表，并获得了从未出现过的关键诱饵。实验 1 的结果表明，与再研究相比，检索增强了后续错误信息的整合，这是通过后续测试中的后续回忆来衡量的。在实验 2 和 3 中，经过初步研究，参与者检索或研究了不正确的信息并获得了纠正反馈。结果表明，当立即提供反馈时，检索比重新研究导致更多的错误纠正。总的来说，这项研究表明检索有助于整合新的相关信息，