In this paper, we review the background and the state of the art of the Distributed Computing software stack. We aim to provide the readers with a comprehensive overview of this area by supplying a detailed big-picture of the latest technologies. First, we introduce the general background of Distributed Computing and propose a layered top–bottom classification of the latest available software. Next, we focus on each abstraction layer, i.e. Application Development (including Task-based Workflows, Dataflows, and Graph Processing), Platform (including Data Sharing and Resource Management), Communication (including Remote Invocation, Message Passing, and Message Queuing), and Infrastructure (including Batch and Interactive systems). For each layer, we give a general background, discuss its technical challenges, review the latest programming languages, programming models, frameworks, libraries, and tools, and provide a summary table comparing the features of each alternative. Finally, we conclude this survey with a discussion of open problems and future directions.

在本文中，我们回顾了分布式计算软件堆栈的背景和最新技术。我们旨在通过提供最新技术的详细大图，为读者提供该领域的全面概述。首先，我们介绍了分布式计算的一般背景，并提出了最新可用软件的分层自上而下分类。接下来，我们关注每个抽象层，即应用程序开发（包括基于任务的工作流、数据流和图处理）、平台（包括数据共享和资源管理）、通信（包括远程调用、消息传递和消息队列），和基础设施（包括批处理和交互系统）。对于每一层，我们提供一般背景，讨论其技术挑战，回顾最新的编程语言、编程模型、框架、库和工具，并提供比较每个替代方案的特性的汇总表。最后，我们通过讨论未解决的问题和未来的方向来结束这项调查。