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Influence of Monsoonal Driving Factors on the Secondary Inorganic Aerosol over Ambient Air in Dhaka
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-19 , DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00200
Nur Hidayah Norazman 1 , Md Firoz Khan 1, 2 , Sharanya Ramanathan 1 , Syazwani Mustapa Kama Shah 1 , Siti Jariani Mohd Jani 1 , Khaled Shaifullah Joy 3 , Kazi Naimul Islam 3 , Farah Jeba 3 , Abdus Salam 3 , Otoha Yoshida 4 , Hiroto Kawashima 4
Affiliation  

Secondary inorganic components significantly contribute to the modification of ambient aerosol properties by forming haze or reducing visibility. This study characterizes the water-soluble components in PM2.5 and explores secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) over the air in Dhaka, Bangladesh, throughout 2019. PM2.5 samples were collected on a 24 h basis using a high-volume air sampler, and water-soluble inorganic compositions were measured using an ion chromatograph (IC). The observed PM2.5 may pose potential health risks given that their 24 h mean exceeds the ambient air quality guidelines proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Department of Environment (DoE) of Bangladesh. Among the ions, SO42–, Ca2+, and NO3 were identified as the predominant species that account for 51, 20, and 11% of all soluble components, respectively. The soluble ions in PM2.5 were relatively higher in the summer monsoon (13.26 ± 6.12 μg/m3), possibly due to a combination of rampant anthropogenic activities and the pre-monsoonal meteorology. Humid summer plays a significant role in increasing the amount of SIA through the liquid-phase oxidation of precursor gases. Therefore, scavenging of ions may potentially occur (23% from the overall mean of ions) during the long rainy monsoon season over Dhaka. The anthropogenic origins of PM2.5, such as transportation, industry, and construction dust, are widely present in natural sources all over Dhaka. Dust was more sensitive to enriched PM2.5 than ions from a seawater origin. Excluding winter data, K+ may significantly resuspend from urban dust over Dhaka. The elements and molecular tracer technique reveal that the potential reactive ions (e.g., Cl, SO42–, and NO3) were more sensitive to anthropogenic human activities in Dhaka air than to seawater and terrestrial soil. The influence of converting vehicle fleets into compressed natural gas (CNG) run and upgrading kiln technology on increasing SO42– aerosol in Dhaka is yet to be investigated.

中文翻译:

季风驱动因素对达卡环境空气二次无机气溶胶的影响

次生无机成分通过形成雾度或降低能见度显着影响环境气溶胶特性的改变。本研究表征了 PM 2.5 中的水溶性成分,并探索了 2019 年孟加拉国达卡空气中的二次无机气溶胶 (SIA)。使用大容量空气采样器和水在 24 小时的基础上收集PM 2.5样本使用离子色谱仪(IC)测量可溶性无机组合物。鉴于 PM 2.5的 24 小时平均值超过了世界卫生组织 (WHO) 和孟加拉国环境部 (DoE) 提出的环境空气质量准则,因此观察到的 PM 2.5可能会带来潜在的健康风险。离子中,SO 4 2–、Ca2+和 NO 3 被确定为主要种类,分别占所有可溶性成分的 51%、20% 和 11%。PM 2.5中的可溶性离子在夏季风中相对较高(13.26 ± 6.12 μg/m 3),这可能是由于猖獗的人类活动和季风前气象的综合作用。潮湿的夏季通过前体气体的液相氧化在增加 SIA 的数量方面发挥着重要作用。因此,在达卡漫长的雨季期间,可能会发生离子清除(占离子总平均值的 23%)。PM 2.5的人为起源,如交通、工业和建筑粉尘,广泛存在于达卡各地的自然资源中。与来自海水的离子相比,灰尘对富集的 PM 2.5更敏感。排除冬季数据,K +可能会从达卡的城市灰尘中显着重新悬浮。元素和分子示踪技术表明,与海水和陆地土壤相比,潜在的活性离子(例如,Cl 、SO 4 2–和 NO 3 )对达卡空气中的人类活动更敏感。将车队转换为压缩天然气(CNG)运行和升级窑炉技术对增加 SO 4 2– 的影响 达卡的气溶胶尚待调查。
更新日期:2021-09-16
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