Agriculture affects biodiversity on a global scale and especially in the Neotropics, leading to land-management challenges in which native wildlife is forced to interact with high-contrast landscape matrices. Further, the direct and indirect effects of hurricanes impacting native habitat in human-modified landscapes increases reliance on agricultural areas and high-contrast matrices. To understand how avian communities in a human-modified landscape respond to hurricane disturbance, we evaluated post-hurricane trends in species richness, density, structure, and functional and taxonomic composition in avian communities at tropical dry forest and in three agricultural habitats using point-count surveys. We compared our results to a similar study that took place years before the hurricanes in the study area. Similar to pre-hurricane trends, tropical dry forest provided key habitat for endemic species relative to agricultural areas, and tree orchards continued to serve as key secondary habitat for a high species richness and community evenness. However, tree orchards, along with cattle pastures and crop fields, failed to serve as successful buffers of hurricane disturbance by supporting half the estimated bird density of tropical dry forest. Cattle pasture and crop fields were both relatively species poor and had low community evenness compared to tropical dry forest and tree orchards after the hurricanes. Tropical dry forest had distinct species and feeding guild compositions compared to the agricultural habitats. All habitat types after the hurricanes had higher numbers of granivores and a reduction of carnivores compared to pre-hurricane levels. Land management in the study landscape needs to incorporate strategies that raise the hurricane resilience of agricultural areas while providing resources to support higher species richness and density in agricultural systems. Such strategies include the preservation of native trees and shrubs and allowing for the natural succession of habitat in unused areas in tree orchards, cattle pasture, and crop fields.

中文翻译：

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最近受到两次主要飓风影响的人造景观中的新热带鸟类群落

农业在全球范围内影响生物多样性，尤其是在新热带地区，导致当地野生动物被迫与高对比度景观矩阵相互作用的土地管理挑战。此外，飓风对人类改造景观中原生栖息地的直接和间接影响增加了对农业区和高对比度矩阵的依赖。为了了解人类改造景观中的鸟类群落如何应对飓风干扰，我们使用点评估了热带干旱森林和三个农业栖息地鸟类群落的物种丰富度、密度、结构以及功能和分类组成的飓风后趋势。计数调查。我们将我们的结果与研究区飓风发生前几年进行的类似研究进行了比较。与飓风前的趋势相似，相对于农业地区，热带干旱森林为特有物种提供了主要栖息地，果园继续作为主要的次生栖息地，以实现高物种丰富度和群落均匀度。然而，果园以及牛牧场和农田，未能通过支持热带干旱森林估计鸟类密度的一半来成功地缓冲飓风干扰。与飓风过后的热带干旱森林和果园相比，牛牧场和农田的物种相对较少，群落均匀度较低。与农业栖息地相比，热带干燥森林具有不同的物种和饲养公会组成。与飓风前的水平相比，飓风过后的所有栖息地类型都有更多的食肉动物和减少的食肉动物。研究景观中的土地管理需要纳入提高农业地区飓风恢复能力的战略，同时提供资源以支持农业系统中更高的物种丰富度和密度。此类策略包括保护本地树木和灌木，并允许在果园、牛牧场和农田中未使用区域的栖息地自然演替。