To explore the possible local climatic and environmental impacts of an onshore wind farm in North China, meteorological observation and satellite remote sensing data around the wind farm were collected, and the soil chemical composition within and outside of the wind farm was determined. Our analysis revealed changes in the spatial patterns of wind, air temperature (T_a), ground surface temperature (T_s), land surface temperature (LST), evapotranspiration (ET), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from before to after the construction of the wind farm. The two datasets of meteorological observations showed that wind speed decreased after the construction of the wind farm, with one dataset indicating a significant decrease. Since the construction of the farm, T_a and T_s have shown increasing trends, and ET has shown a significant increasing trend. The nighttime T_a and LST showed opposite trends, with T_a decreasing and LST increasing. The change in LST was the greatest at the wind farm and in its downwind zone, indicating that the operation of the wind farm affects the LST within and beyond the 10 km buffer zone. After the wind farm construction, the NDVI showed a significant positive trend. However, increases in the concentrations of Ti and Co were observed, suggesting that the construction and operation of wind farm may promote vegetation growth and cause soil pollution. The monitoring of wind farms needs to be strengthened to reveal the long-term impacts of wind farms on local climates and ecosystems.

为探索华北陆上风电场对当地气候环境可能产生的影响，收集风电场周边气象观测和卫星遥感数据，确定风电场内外土壤化学成分。我们的分析揭示了风、气温（T _a）、地表温度（T _s)、地表温度(LST)、蒸散量(ET)、风电场建设前后的归一化植被指数(NDVI)。两个气象观测数据集显示，风电场建成后风速有所下降，其中一个数据集显着下降。养殖场建设以来，T _a和T _{s 呈}上升趋势，ET 呈显着上升趋势。夜间T _a和 LST 呈相反趋势，T _a减少和 LST 增加。风电场及其下风带LST变化最大，说明风电场运行对10km缓冲区内外LST的影响较大。风电场建设后，NDVI 呈显着正趋势。然而，观察到 Ti 和 Co 浓度的增加，表明风电场的建设和运营可能会促进植被生长并造成土壤污染。需要加强对风电场的监测，揭示风电场对当地气候和生态系统的长期影响。