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Evolution of lbx spinal cord expression and function
Evolution and Development ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-19 , DOI: 10.1111/ede.12387 José Luis Juárez-Morales 1 , Frida Weierud 2 , Samantha J England 1 , Celia Demby 1 , Nicole Santos 1 , Ginny Grieb 1 , Sylvie Mazan 3 , Katharine E Lewis 1
Evolution and Development ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-19 , DOI: 10.1111/ede.12387 José Luis Juárez-Morales 1 , Frida Weierud 2 , Samantha J England 1 , Celia Demby 1 , Nicole Santos 1 , Ginny Grieb 1 , Sylvie Mazan 3 , Katharine E Lewis 1
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Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors have crucial functions in muscle and nervous system development in many animals. Amniotes have two Lbx genes, but only Lbx1 is expressed in spinal cord. In contrast, teleosts have three lbx genes and we show here that zebrafish lbx1a, lbx1b, and lbx2 are expressed by distinct spinal cell types, and that lbx1a is expressed in dI4, dI5, and dI6 interneurons, as in amniotes. Our data examining lbx expression in Scyliorhinus canicula and Xenopus tropicalis suggest that the spinal interneuron expression of zebrafish lbx1a is ancestral, whereas lbx1b has acquired a new expression pattern in spinal cord progenitor cells. lbx2 spinal expression was probably acquired in the ray-finned lineage, as this gene is not expressed in the spinal cords of either amniotes or S. canicula. We also show that the spinal function of zebrafish lbx1a is conserved with mouse Lbx1. In zebrafish lbx1a mutants, there is a reduction in the number of inhibitory spinal interneurons and an increase in the number of excitatory spinal interneurons, similar to mouse Lbx1 mutants. Interestingly, the number of inhibitory spinal interneurons is also reduced in lbx1b mutants, although in this case the number of excitatory interneurons is not increased. lbx1a;lbx1b double mutants have a similar spinal interneuron phenotype to lbx1a single mutants. Taken together these data suggest that lbx1b and lbx1a may be required in succession for correct specification of dI4 and dI6 spinal interneurons, although only lbx1a is required for suppression of excitatory fates in these cells.
中文翻译：
lbx 脊髓表达和功能的进化
瓢虫同源框 (Lbx) 转录因子在许多动物的肌肉和神经系统发育中具有重要作用。羊膜动物有两个Lbx基因，但只有Lbx1在脊髓中表达。相比之下，硬骨鱼具有三个lbx基因，我们在这里展示了斑马鱼lbx1a、lbx1b和lbx2由不同的脊髓细胞类型表达，而lbx1a在 dI4、dI5 和 dI6 中间神经元中表达，就像在羊膜细胞中一样。我们检查lbx在Scyliorhinus canicula和非洲爪蟾中的表达的数据表明斑马鱼lbx1a的脊髓中间神经元表达是祖先的，而lbx1b在脊髓祖细胞中获得了新的表达模式。lbx2脊髓表达可能是在射线鳍谱系中获得的，因为该基因不在羊膜动物或S. canicula的脊髓中表达。我们还表明斑马鱼lbx1a的脊髓功能与小鼠 Lbx1 保持一致。在斑马鱼lbx1a突变体中，抑制性脊髓中间神经元数量减少，兴奋性脊髓中间神经元数量增加，类似于小鼠Lbx1突变体。有趣的是， lbx1b中抑制性脊髓中间神经元的数量也减少了突变体，尽管在这种情况下兴奋性中间神经元的数量没有增加。lbx1a;lbx1b双突变体具有与lbx1a单突变体相似的脊髓中间神经元表型。综上所述，这些数据表明lbx1b和lbx1a可能需要连续正确指定 dI4 和 dI6 脊髓中间神经元，尽管在这些细胞中抑制兴奋性命运只需要lbx1a 。
更新日期：2021-09-22
中文翻译：
lbx 脊髓表达和功能的进化
瓢虫同源框 (Lbx) 转录因子在许多动物的肌肉和神经系统发育中具有重要作用。羊膜动物有两个Lbx基因，但只有Lbx1在脊髓中表达。相比之下，硬骨鱼具有三个lbx基因，我们在这里展示了斑马鱼lbx1a、lbx1b和lbx2由不同的脊髓细胞类型表达，而lbx1a在 dI4、dI5 和 dI6 中间神经元中表达，就像在羊膜细胞中一样。我们检查lbx在Scyliorhinus canicula和非洲爪蟾中的表达的数据表明斑马鱼lbx1a的脊髓中间神经元表达是祖先的，而lbx1b在脊髓祖细胞中获得了新的表达模式。lbx2脊髓表达可能是在射线鳍谱系中获得的，因为该基因不在羊膜动物或S. canicula的脊髓中表达。我们还表明斑马鱼lbx1a的脊髓功能与小鼠 Lbx1 保持一致。在斑马鱼lbx1a突变体中，抑制性脊髓中间神经元数量减少，兴奋性脊髓中间神经元数量增加，类似于小鼠Lbx1突变体。有趣的是， lbx1b中抑制性脊髓中间神经元的数量也减少了突变体，尽管在这种情况下兴奋性中间神经元的数量没有增加。lbx1a;lbx1b双突变体具有与lbx1a单突变体相似的脊髓中间神经元表型。综上所述，这些数据表明lbx1b和lbx1a可能需要连续正确指定 dI4 和 dI6 脊髓中间神经元，尽管在这些细胞中抑制兴奋性命运只需要lbx1a 。
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