The substantial loss of seed mussels during the early stages of longline aquaculture—often exceeding 95%—is a major issue that erodes the security and profitability of production while limiting the sustainable expansion of this industry in many parts of the world. There are many biological, environmental and procedural factors that potentially cause seed losses. The present understanding of these factors is highly limited, based on disparate lines of evidence and constrained by the challenges associated with quantifying the fate of minute organisms in the field. Addressing these knowledge gaps is a prerequisite for meeting the growing global demand for farmed seafood and requires significant and coherent research. We identify the diverse range of potential drivers of seed loss in mussel aquaculture and review existing knowledge around these factors to identify critical knowledge gaps and research priorities. Losses appear to be caused by a complex suite of interacting factors that include stress during transfer between regions, underlying variations in seed condition, change in the farm environment, predation, competition from biofouling organisms and migratory behaviour of seed mussels. Solutions to the losses of mussel seed in commercial culture are mostly likely to be achieved through research directed at evaluating a range of practical interventions during the critical phase of nursery culture of mussel seed.

中文翻译：

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延绳养殖中贻贝种子的损失

在延绳水产养殖的早期阶段，贻贝种子的大量损失——通常超过 95%——是一个主要问题，它削弱了生产的安全性和盈利能力，同时限制了该行业在世界许多地区的可持续扩张。有许多生物、环境和程序因素可能导致种子损失。目前对这些因素的理解非常有限，基于不同的证据线，并受到与量化该领域微小生物体命运相关的挑战的限制。解决这些知识差距是满足全球对养殖海产品日益增长的需求的先决条件，需要进行大量和连贯的研究。我们确定了贻贝养殖中种子损失的各种潜在驱动因素，并审查了围绕这些因素的现有知识，以确定关键的知识差距和研究重点。损失似乎是由一系列复杂的相互作用因素造成的，包括区域间转移过程中的压力、种子条件的潜在变化、农场环境的变化、捕食、来自生物污损生物的竞争以及贻贝的洄游行为。商业养殖中贻贝种子损失的解决方案很可能通过旨在评估贻贝种子育苗关键阶段的一系列实际干预措施的研究来实现。损失似乎是由一系列复杂的相互作用因素造成的，包括区域间转移过程中的压力、种子条件的潜在变化、农场环境的变化、捕食、来自生物污损生物的竞争以及贻贝的洄游行为。商业养殖中贻贝种子损失的解决方案很可能通过旨在评估贻贝种子育苗关键阶段的一系列实际干预措施的研究来实现。损失似乎是由一系列复杂的相互作用因素造成的，包括区域间转移过程中的压力、种子条件的潜在变化、农场环境的变化、捕食、来自生物污损生物的竞争以及贻贝的洄游行为。商业养殖中贻贝种子损失的解决方案很可能通过旨在评估贻贝种子育苗关键阶段的一系列实际干预措施的研究来实现。