Gear-based management for coral reef fisheries is often overlooked in the scientific literature. Empirical studies have demonstrated the conservation benefits of gear-restricted areas (i.e. prohibiting fishing gears), which can support greater biomass than unrestricted areas and protect species that play key functional roles. However, population dynamics of functional feeding groups of reef fishes under specific gear-restriction regimes remains uncertain. Here, we constructed a multi-species, length-based fisheries model to observe relative biomass and catch of reef fishes under various gear-restriction management scenarios. We used fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data to determine the catchability of functional groups and selectivity of size classes for hook-and-line, net and spear fishing, which are widely used gear types on coral reefs globally. Our model revealed trade-offs involved with gear-restriction management such that no single management strategy was able to maximize biomass or catch of all functional groups simultaneously. Also, we found that spear fishing (i.e. prohibiting hook-and-line and net fishing) maintained the highest total biomass summed across functional groups, whilst hook-and-line fishing (i.e. prohibiting net and spear fishing) and a ban on spears maintained the lowest biomass. However, hook-and-line fishing generated the highest catch-per-unit-effort. Our model results were primarily driven by differential growth rates, maximum per capita production of recruits, and catchability of functional groups targeted by each fishing gear. We demonstrate that gear restrictions can be a critical management tool for maintaining biomass and catch of certain functional groups but will likely require additional management to protect all key functional feeding groups of coral reef fishes.

中文翻译：

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渔具限制为管理创造了保护和渔业权衡

珊瑚礁渔业的基于渔具的管理在科学文献中经常被忽视。实证研究已经证明了渔具限制区域（即禁止使用渔具）的保护效益，它可以支持比非限制区域更大的生物量，并保护发挥关键功能的物种。然而，在特定的渔具限制制度下，珊瑚鱼功能性摄食群体的种群动态仍然不确定。在这里，我们构建了一个多物种、基于长度的渔业模型，以观察在各种渔具限制管理场景下珊瑚鱼的相对生物量和捕获量。我们使用依赖渔业和独立于渔业的数据来确定功能组的可捕性和钓线、网和矛捕鱼的尺寸等级的选择性，这是全球珊瑚礁上广泛使用的齿轮类型。我们的模型揭示了与渔具限制管理相关的权衡，因此没有单一的管理策略能够同时最大化生物量或所有功能组的捕获量。此外，我们发现长矛捕鱼（即禁止钩钓和网钓）在各功能组中保持最高的总生物量，而钩钓（即禁止网钓）和禁止长矛维持最低的生物量。然而，钩线捕鱼产生了最高的单位努力渔获量。我们的模型结果主要是由不同的增长率、新兵的最大人均产量以及每个渔具所针对的功能组的可捕获性驱动的。