Nanocellulosic materials can be used as green materials for property modification in latex polymers. In particular, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can be incorporated in latexes in-situ—a preferable method to ex-situ addition because it ensures latex homogeneity and better performance enhancements. DextraCel is a commercial CNC with carboxylate surface groups, henceforth referred to as cCNC. The interactions between cCNCs and other standard latex components are studied, and experiments reveal that cCNCs can be sensitive to the ionic strength of the aqueous phase of the latex. A reproducible method to incorporate cCNCs in-situ in a seeded semi-batch emulsion polymerization is developed for the production of latexes for adhesive applications by varying the surfactant-initiator systems in the seed stage and the feed stage. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and potassium persulphate (KPS), negatively charged surfactant and initiator, respectively, are used for the seeding reaction, and Triton X-405 and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (uncharged surfactant and initiator) are used in the feed to preserve low ionic strength of the latex, thereby producing stable latexes.

中文翻译：

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在种子半间歇乳液聚合中原位添加羧化纤维素纳米晶体

纳米纤维素材料可用作胶乳聚合物改性的绿色材料。特别是，纤维素纳米晶体 (CNC) 可以原位掺入胶乳中——这是一种优于异位添加的方法，因为它可以确保胶乳的均匀性和更好的性能增强。DextraCel 是一种具有羧酸盐表面基团的商用 CNC，以下简称为 cCNC。研究了 cCNCs 和其他标准胶乳组分之间的相互作用，实验表明 cCNCs 对胶乳水相的离子强度很敏感。通过改变种子阶段和进料阶段的表面活性剂-引发剂系统，开发了一种在种子半间歇乳液聚合中原位掺入 cCNC 的可重复方法，用于生产用于粘合剂应用的胶乳。