This study explored how language proficiency influences the Stroop effect and the reverse-Stroop effect. The result indicated that both the Stroop effect and the reverse-Stroop effect in the dominant language context were greater than the effects in the non-dominant language context, respectively. However, language proficiency influenced the two effects with different mechanisms. The influence of language proficiency both on the Stroop effect and on the reverse-Stroop effect is associated with the processing automaticity of the distractor and the binding between target and distractor. However, the two factors act synergistically in the Stroop test, whereas antagonistically in the reverse-Stroop test. The results also suggest that the non-dominant language is relatively harder to attract attention. While once it catches attention, the attention will be in a state of high concentration and poor flexibility. Hence, in term of the non-dominant language, it is neither easy to cause interference nor easy to be interfered. It seems that the difference between the downward interference and the upward interference has a slight impact on the conflict resolution, whereas the binding of different information has a greater impact. Additionally, the left DLPFC and the right DLPFC were found to play different roles in the bilingual color-word tests. The connection on the right DLPFC and the left DLPFC was more sensitive to the difference between languages and to the difference between tasks, respectively.

本研究探讨了语言能力如何影响 Stroop 效应和反向 Stroop 效应。结果表明，优势语境中的Stroop效应和反向Stroop效应分别大于非优势语境中的效应。然而，语言能力以不同的机制影响这两种效应。语言能力对Stroop效应和反向Stroop效应的影响都与干扰词的加工自动化程度和目标与干扰词的结合有关。然而，这两个因素在 Stroop 测试中协同作用，而在反向 Stroop 测试中则相反。结果还表明，非主导语言相对更难吸引注意力。虽然一旦引起注意，注意力会处于高度集中、灵活性差的状态。因此，对于非优势语言而言，既不容易造成干扰，也不容易被干扰。似乎下行干扰和上行干扰之间的差异对冲突解决的影响很小，而不同信息的绑定影响更大。此外，发现左侧 DLPFC 和右侧 DLPFC 在双语颜色词测试中扮演不同的角色。右侧 DLPFC 和左侧 DLPFC 的连接分别对语言之间的差异和任务之间的差异更加敏感。似乎下行干扰和上行干扰之间的差异对冲突解决的影响很小，而不同信息的绑定影响更大。此外，发现左侧 DLPFC 和右侧 DLPFC 在双语颜色词测试中扮演不同的角色。右侧 DLPFC 和左侧 DLPFC 的连接分别对语言之间的差异和任务之间的差异更加敏感。似乎下行干扰和上行干扰之间的差异对冲突解决的影响很小，而不同信息的绑定影响更大。此外，发现左侧 DLPFC 和右侧 DLPFC 在双语颜色词测试中扮演不同的角色。右侧 DLPFC 和左侧 DLPFC 的连接分别对语言之间的差异和任务之间的差异更加敏感。