We present a novel anisotropic and nonlinear metasurface integrated with multiple functions of diffuse scattering, beam splitting, and normal reflection, which can be switched in real time by tuning the polarization state or power level of the incident microwave. The key lies in the two judiciously designed anisotropic nonlinear particles in subwavelength scales that possess opposite reflection phases under one polarization and the same nonlinear power-dependent reflection phases under the orthogonal polarization. These properties are demonstrated comprehensively via comparisons between their reflection responses, receiving abilities, and nonlinear circuitry behaviors. In addition, both the spatial arrangement and the electrically enabling strategy of the particles are underpinned to pursue the proposed functions, which are verified through numerical simulations and measurements. When the metasurface is illuminated by plane waves coming from the direction perpendicular to it, a significant beam splitting effect is achieved with strong x-polarized incidence, which is switched to a specular reflection when the incoming power decreases. Under y-polarization, a diffuse scattering phenomenon is obtained, which is not dependent on the incident intensity. The study is expected to offer new solutions to many electromagnetic scenarios involving energy transmissions and protections.

我们提出了一种新型的各向异性和非线性超表面，集成了漫散射、光束分裂和法向反射的多种功能，可以通过调整入射微波的偏振态或功率水平来实时切换。关键在于两个精心设计的亚波长尺度的各向异性非线性粒子，它们在一种偏振下具有相反的反射相位，在正交偏振下具有相同的非线性功率相关反射相位。通过比较它们的反射响应、接收能力和非线性电路行为，这些特性得到了全面的证明。此外，粒子的空间排列和电气使能策略都支持实现所提出的功能，通过数值模拟和测量验证。当超表面被垂直于它的方向的平面波照射时，可以实现显着的光束分裂效果x -偏振入射，当输入功率降低时切换为镜面反射。在y偏振下，获得了漫散射现象，该现象与入射强度无关。该研究有望为涉及能量传输和保护的许多电磁场景提供新的解决方案。