Objectives

The aim of the current project was to study the antimicrobial efficacy of a newly developed irrigant, k21/E against E. faecalis biofilm.

Methods

Root canals were instrumented and randomly divided into the following groups: irrigation with saline, 6% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite), 6% NaOCl + 2% CHX (Chlorhexidine), 2% CHX, 0.5% k21/E (k21 - quaternary ammonium silane) and 1% k21/E. E. faecalis were grown (3-days) (1 × 10⁷ CFU mL⁻¹), treated, and further cultured for 11-days. Specimens were subjected to SEM, confocal and Raman analysis and macrophage vesicles characterized along with effect of lipopolysaccharide treatment. 3T3 mouse-fibroblasts were cultured for alizarin-red with Sortase-A active sites and Schrödinger docking was performed. TEM analysis of root dentin substrate with matrix metalloproteinases profilometry was also included. A cytotoxic test analysis for cell viability was measured by absorbance of human dental pulp cells after exposure to different irrigant solutions for 24 h. The test percentages have been highlighted in Table 1.

Results

Among experimental groups, irrigation with 0.5% k21/E showed phase separation revealing significant bacterial reduction and lower phenylalanine 1003 cm⁻¹ and Amide III 1245 cm⁻¹ intensities. Damage was observed on bacterial cell membrane after use of k21/E. No difference in exosomes distribution between control and 0.5%k21/E was observed with less TNFα (*p < 0.05) and preferential binding of SrtA. TEM images demonstrated integrated collagen fibers in control and 0.5%k21/E specimens and inner bacterial membrane damage after k21/E treatment. The k21 groups appeared to be biocompatible to the dental pulpal cells grown for 24 h.

Significance

Current investigations highlight potential advantages of 0.5% k21/E as irrigation solution for root canal disinfection.

中文翻译：

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k21-E在根管消毒中的抗菌和抗生物膜功效

目标

当前项目的目的是研究新开发的冲洗剂 k21/E 对粪肠球菌生物膜的抗菌功效。

方法

对根管进行器械操作并随机分为以下几组：盐水冲洗、6% NaOCl（次氯酸钠）、6% NaOCl  +  2% CHX（洗必泰）、2% CHX、0.5% k21/E（k21 - 季铵硅烷) 和 1% k21/E。粪肠球菌生长（3 天）（1  ×  10 ⁷  CFU mL ^-1)，处理，并进一步培养 11 天。对标本进行 SEM、共聚焦和拉曼分析，并对巨噬细胞囊泡进行表征以及脂多糖处理的效果。将 3T3 小鼠成纤维细胞培养为具有 Sortase-A 活性位点的茜素红，并进行薛定谔对接。还包括使用基质金属蛋白酶轮廓测定法对根牙本质基质进行的 TEM 分析。通过暴露于不同冲洗溶液 24 小时后人牙髓细胞的吸光度来测量细胞活力的细胞毒性测试分析。测试百分比已在表 1 中突出显示。

结果

在实验组中，用 0.5% k21/E 冲洗显示出显着的细菌减少和较低的苯丙氨酸 1003  cm ^-1和酰胺 III 1245  cm ^-1强度的相分离。使用k21/E后观察到细菌细胞膜受损。没有观察到对照和 0.5%k21/E 之间外泌体分布的差异，TNFα 较少（*p  <  0.05）和 SrtA 的优先结合。TEM 图像显示对照和 0.5%k21/E 样本中整合的胶原纤维以及 k21/E 处理后的细菌内膜损伤。k21 组似乎与生长 24 小时的牙髓细胞具有生物相容性。

意义

目前的研究突出了 0.5% k21/E 作为根管消毒冲洗液的潜在优势。